Integrated Cover Crop and Fertilization Strategies for Sustainable Organic Zucchini Production in Mediterranean Climate

The integration of different agroecological practices could significantly mitigate the impact of climate change. Therefore, a 2-year field experiment on organic zucchini was carried out to study the effects of clover (<i>Trifolium alexandrinum</i> L.) cover crop management (green manure,...

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Main Authors: Francesco Montemurro, Mariangela Diacono, Vincenzo Alfano, Alessandro Persiani, Michele Mascia, Fabrizio Pisanu, Elisabetta Fois, Gioia Sannino, Roberta Farina
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Horticulturae
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/7/809
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author Francesco Montemurro
Mariangela Diacono
Vincenzo Alfano
Alessandro Persiani
Michele Mascia
Fabrizio Pisanu
Elisabetta Fois
Gioia Sannino
Roberta Farina
author_facet Francesco Montemurro
Mariangela Diacono
Vincenzo Alfano
Alessandro Persiani
Michele Mascia
Fabrizio Pisanu
Elisabetta Fois
Gioia Sannino
Roberta Farina
author_sort Francesco Montemurro
collection DOAJ
description The integration of different agroecological practices could significantly mitigate the impact of climate change. Therefore, a 2-year field experiment on organic zucchini was carried out to study the effects of clover (<i>Trifolium alexandrinum</i> L.) cover crop management (green manure, GM vs. flattening using a roller crimper, RC), compared to a control without cover (CT). This agroecological practice was tested in combination with the following different fertilizer treatments: T1. compost produced by co-composting coal mining wastes with municipal organic wastes compost plus urea; T2. compost produced with the same matrices as T1, replacing urea with lawn mowing residues; T3. non-composted mixture of the industrial matrices; T4. on-farm compost obtained from crop residues. The GM management showed the highest marketable yield and aboveground biomass of zucchini, with both values higher by approximately 38% than those recorded in CT. The T1, T2, and T3 treatments showed higher SOC values compared to T4 in both years, with a gradual increase in SOC over time. The residual effect of fertilization on SOC showed a smaller reduction in T3 and T4 than in T1 and T2, in comparison with the levels recorded during the fertilization years, indicating a higher persistence of the applied organic matter in these treatments. The findings of this study pointed out that combining organic fertilization and cover cropping is an effective agroecological practice to maintain adequate zucchini yields and enhance SOC levels in the Mediterranean environment.
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spelling doaj-art-8f7b2c95efa44281a37ae7c8a855f6af2025-08-20T03:58:26ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242025-07-0111780910.3390/horticulturae11070809Integrated Cover Crop and Fertilization Strategies for Sustainable Organic Zucchini Production in Mediterranean ClimateFrancesco Montemurro0Mariangela Diacono1Vincenzo Alfano2Alessandro Persiani3Michele Mascia4Fabrizio Pisanu5Elisabetta Fois6Gioia Sannino7Roberta Farina8Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via Celso Ulpiani 5, 70125 Bari, ItalyCouncil for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via Celso Ulpiani 5, 70125 Bari, ItalyCouncil for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via Celso Ulpiani 5, 70125 Bari, ItalyCouncil for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via Celso Ulpiani 5, 70125 Bari, ItalyDipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, ItalyCarbosulcis S.p.A., Località Nuraxi Figus, snc, 09010 Gonnesa, ItalyCarbosulcis S.p.A., Località Nuraxi Figus, snc, 09010 Gonnesa, ItalyCouncil for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via della Navicella 2-4, 00184 Rome, ItalyCouncil for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Via della Navicella 2-4, 00184 Rome, ItalyThe integration of different agroecological practices could significantly mitigate the impact of climate change. Therefore, a 2-year field experiment on organic zucchini was carried out to study the effects of clover (<i>Trifolium alexandrinum</i> L.) cover crop management (green manure, GM vs. flattening using a roller crimper, RC), compared to a control without cover (CT). This agroecological practice was tested in combination with the following different fertilizer treatments: T1. compost produced by co-composting coal mining wastes with municipal organic wastes compost plus urea; T2. compost produced with the same matrices as T1, replacing urea with lawn mowing residues; T3. non-composted mixture of the industrial matrices; T4. on-farm compost obtained from crop residues. The GM management showed the highest marketable yield and aboveground biomass of zucchini, with both values higher by approximately 38% than those recorded in CT. The T1, T2, and T3 treatments showed higher SOC values compared to T4 in both years, with a gradual increase in SOC over time. The residual effect of fertilization on SOC showed a smaller reduction in T3 and T4 than in T1 and T2, in comparison with the levels recorded during the fertilization years, indicating a higher persistence of the applied organic matter in these treatments. The findings of this study pointed out that combining organic fertilization and cover cropping is an effective agroecological practice to maintain adequate zucchini yields and enhance SOC levels in the Mediterranean environment.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/7/809compostroller crimpergreen manureagroecologyclimate changesoil organic carbon (SOC)
spellingShingle Francesco Montemurro
Mariangela Diacono
Vincenzo Alfano
Alessandro Persiani
Michele Mascia
Fabrizio Pisanu
Elisabetta Fois
Gioia Sannino
Roberta Farina
Integrated Cover Crop and Fertilization Strategies for Sustainable Organic Zucchini Production in Mediterranean Climate
Horticulturae
compost
roller crimper
green manure
agroecology
climate change
soil organic carbon (SOC)
title Integrated Cover Crop and Fertilization Strategies for Sustainable Organic Zucchini Production in Mediterranean Climate
title_full Integrated Cover Crop and Fertilization Strategies for Sustainable Organic Zucchini Production in Mediterranean Climate
title_fullStr Integrated Cover Crop and Fertilization Strategies for Sustainable Organic Zucchini Production in Mediterranean Climate
title_full_unstemmed Integrated Cover Crop and Fertilization Strategies for Sustainable Organic Zucchini Production in Mediterranean Climate
title_short Integrated Cover Crop and Fertilization Strategies for Sustainable Organic Zucchini Production in Mediterranean Climate
title_sort integrated cover crop and fertilization strategies for sustainable organic zucchini production in mediterranean climate
topic compost
roller crimper
green manure
agroecology
climate change
soil organic carbon (SOC)
url https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/7/809
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