The association between using screen in the dark and depressive symptoms: a longitudinal study among Chinese adolescents

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between using screen in the dark—a predominant source of LAN—and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents.MethodsThis study utilized a sample of 3659 adolescents (51.87% boy, mean age 14.41 ± 1.55 years) from the 2020-2022 Surveillance of Students’ Common Di...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Shuangxiao Qu, Fengyun Zhang, Xuelai Wang, Shenglei Huang, Keyang Zheng, Liting Chu, Yuting Huang, Yanting Yang, Dongling Yang, Chunyan Luo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychiatry
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1618965/full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849233413605687296
author Shuangxiao Qu
Fengyun Zhang
Xuelai Wang
Shenglei Huang
Keyang Zheng
Liting Chu
Yuting Huang
Yanting Yang
Dongling Yang
Chunyan Luo
author_facet Shuangxiao Qu
Fengyun Zhang
Xuelai Wang
Shenglei Huang
Keyang Zheng
Liting Chu
Yuting Huang
Yanting Yang
Dongling Yang
Chunyan Luo
author_sort Shuangxiao Qu
collection DOAJ
description ObjectiveTo investigate the association between using screen in the dark—a predominant source of LAN—and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents.MethodsThis study utilized a sample of 3659 adolescents (51.87% boy, mean age 14.41 ± 1.55 years) from the 2020-2022 Surveillance of Students’ Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors in Shanghai, China. Baseline screen usage was collected by self-reported questionnaire. Depressive symptoms at baseline, 1- and 2-year follow-up were assessed using the Center for Epidemiology Scale. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the association of using screen in the dark with depressive symptoms.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms and severe depressive symptoms in this study was 23.59% and 5.25% respectively at baseline. 15.76% adolescents who had depressive symptoms in 2020 aggravated to severe depressive symptoms in 2021 or 2022. 12.38% of the participants reported using screen in the dark. Using screen in the dark was associated with higher likelihood of depressive symptoms (OR = 1.89, 95%CI: 1.67, 2.15) and severe depressive symptoms (OR = 1.89, 95%CI: 1.54, 2.31). The adverse effect of using screen in the dark and screen time > 2 hours/day on depressive symptoms was slightly higher than only screen time > 2 hours/day (OR = 1.24, 95%CI: 1.12, 1.37) or only using screen in the dark (OR = 2.15, 95%CI: 1.73, 2.67). Additionally, those who using screen in the dark combination with screen time > 2 hours/day or insufficient sleep have the highest likelihood of depressive symptoms.ConclusionsScreen use in dark environments independently related to depressive symptoms in adolescents, with compounded associations from excessive screen time and sleep deprivation. These findings underscore the need for public health interventions targeting nighttime digital behaviors.
format Article
id doaj-art-8f6b01b9249a4ae2820bd20bddc73af8
institution Kabale University
issn 1664-0640
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Psychiatry
spelling doaj-art-8f6b01b9249a4ae2820bd20bddc73af82025-08-20T05:33:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402025-08-011610.3389/fpsyt.2025.16189651618965The association between using screen in the dark and depressive symptoms: a longitudinal study among Chinese adolescentsShuangxiao QuFengyun ZhangXuelai WangShenglei HuangKeyang ZhengLiting ChuYuting HuangYanting YangDongling YangChunyan LuoObjectiveTo investigate the association between using screen in the dark—a predominant source of LAN—and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents.MethodsThis study utilized a sample of 3659 adolescents (51.87% boy, mean age 14.41 ± 1.55 years) from the 2020-2022 Surveillance of Students’ Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors in Shanghai, China. Baseline screen usage was collected by self-reported questionnaire. Depressive symptoms at baseline, 1- and 2-year follow-up were assessed using the Center for Epidemiology Scale. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the association of using screen in the dark with depressive symptoms.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms and severe depressive symptoms in this study was 23.59% and 5.25% respectively at baseline. 15.76% adolescents who had depressive symptoms in 2020 aggravated to severe depressive symptoms in 2021 or 2022. 12.38% of the participants reported using screen in the dark. Using screen in the dark was associated with higher likelihood of depressive symptoms (OR = 1.89, 95%CI: 1.67, 2.15) and severe depressive symptoms (OR = 1.89, 95%CI: 1.54, 2.31). The adverse effect of using screen in the dark and screen time > 2 hours/day on depressive symptoms was slightly higher than only screen time > 2 hours/day (OR = 1.24, 95%CI: 1.12, 1.37) or only using screen in the dark (OR = 2.15, 95%CI: 1.73, 2.67). Additionally, those who using screen in the dark combination with screen time > 2 hours/day or insufficient sleep have the highest likelihood of depressive symptoms.ConclusionsScreen use in dark environments independently related to depressive symptoms in adolescents, with compounded associations from excessive screen time and sleep deprivation. These findings underscore the need for public health interventions targeting nighttime digital behaviors.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1618965/fullscreen timeinsufficient sleepdepressive symptomslight at nightadolescents
spellingShingle Shuangxiao Qu
Fengyun Zhang
Xuelai Wang
Shenglei Huang
Keyang Zheng
Liting Chu
Yuting Huang
Yanting Yang
Dongling Yang
Chunyan Luo
The association between using screen in the dark and depressive symptoms: a longitudinal study among Chinese adolescents
Frontiers in Psychiatry
screen time
insufficient sleep
depressive symptoms
light at night
adolescents
title The association between using screen in the dark and depressive symptoms: a longitudinal study among Chinese adolescents
title_full The association between using screen in the dark and depressive symptoms: a longitudinal study among Chinese adolescents
title_fullStr The association between using screen in the dark and depressive symptoms: a longitudinal study among Chinese adolescents
title_full_unstemmed The association between using screen in the dark and depressive symptoms: a longitudinal study among Chinese adolescents
title_short The association between using screen in the dark and depressive symptoms: a longitudinal study among Chinese adolescents
title_sort association between using screen in the dark and depressive symptoms a longitudinal study among chinese adolescents
topic screen time
insufficient sleep
depressive symptoms
light at night
adolescents
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1618965/full
work_keys_str_mv AT shuangxiaoqu theassociationbetweenusingscreeninthedarkanddepressivesymptomsalongitudinalstudyamongchineseadolescents
AT fengyunzhang theassociationbetweenusingscreeninthedarkanddepressivesymptomsalongitudinalstudyamongchineseadolescents
AT xuelaiwang theassociationbetweenusingscreeninthedarkanddepressivesymptomsalongitudinalstudyamongchineseadolescents
AT shengleihuang theassociationbetweenusingscreeninthedarkanddepressivesymptomsalongitudinalstudyamongchineseadolescents
AT keyangzheng theassociationbetweenusingscreeninthedarkanddepressivesymptomsalongitudinalstudyamongchineseadolescents
AT litingchu theassociationbetweenusingscreeninthedarkanddepressivesymptomsalongitudinalstudyamongchineseadolescents
AT yutinghuang theassociationbetweenusingscreeninthedarkanddepressivesymptomsalongitudinalstudyamongchineseadolescents
AT yantingyang theassociationbetweenusingscreeninthedarkanddepressivesymptomsalongitudinalstudyamongchineseadolescents
AT donglingyang theassociationbetweenusingscreeninthedarkanddepressivesymptomsalongitudinalstudyamongchineseadolescents
AT chunyanluo theassociationbetweenusingscreeninthedarkanddepressivesymptomsalongitudinalstudyamongchineseadolescents
AT shuangxiaoqu associationbetweenusingscreeninthedarkanddepressivesymptomsalongitudinalstudyamongchineseadolescents
AT fengyunzhang associationbetweenusingscreeninthedarkanddepressivesymptomsalongitudinalstudyamongchineseadolescents
AT xuelaiwang associationbetweenusingscreeninthedarkanddepressivesymptomsalongitudinalstudyamongchineseadolescents
AT shengleihuang associationbetweenusingscreeninthedarkanddepressivesymptomsalongitudinalstudyamongchineseadolescents
AT keyangzheng associationbetweenusingscreeninthedarkanddepressivesymptomsalongitudinalstudyamongchineseadolescents
AT litingchu associationbetweenusingscreeninthedarkanddepressivesymptomsalongitudinalstudyamongchineseadolescents
AT yutinghuang associationbetweenusingscreeninthedarkanddepressivesymptomsalongitudinalstudyamongchineseadolescents
AT yantingyang associationbetweenusingscreeninthedarkanddepressivesymptomsalongitudinalstudyamongchineseadolescents
AT donglingyang associationbetweenusingscreeninthedarkanddepressivesymptomsalongitudinalstudyamongchineseadolescents
AT chunyanluo associationbetweenusingscreeninthedarkanddepressivesymptomsalongitudinalstudyamongchineseadolescents