Integrative processing of text and multiple maps in multimedia learning: an eye-tracking study

The present study aims to improve understanding of how learners pay attention to the simultaneous presentation of text and multiple pictures in multimedia learning, focusing on the relationship between learners’ reading strategies and learning performance. Specifically, we focused on multiple themat...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Aiko Morita, Izumi Fukuya
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1487439/full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849413242477084672
author Aiko Morita
Izumi Fukuya
author_facet Aiko Morita
Izumi Fukuya
author_sort Aiko Morita
collection DOAJ
description The present study aims to improve understanding of how learners pay attention to the simultaneous presentation of text and multiple pictures in multimedia learning, focusing on the relationship between learners’ reading strategies and learning performance. Specifically, we focused on multiple thematic maps because they should be compared to each other to understand the causal relationships. Thirty-six university students read fictitious geographic learning materials consisting of text and five thematic maps, and completed retention and comprehension tests. Learners’ eye movements were recorded and their relationships with learning outcomes were examined. First, we found that fixation duration on maps was positively correlated with comprehension test scores. Second, the longer fixation duration of high-performance learners begin at an early stage of learning. Third, the gaze shift frequency between maps was positively correlated with comprehension test scores. This study demonstrates that the reading strategy of paying attention to maps and comparing them frequently is associated with higher geographic comprehension.
format Article
id doaj-art-8f60385bb94948b596d734d7d126d2d8
institution Kabale University
issn 1664-1078
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Psychology
spelling doaj-art-8f60385bb94948b596d734d7d126d2d82025-08-20T03:34:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-08-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.14874391487439Integrative processing of text and multiple maps in multimedia learning: an eye-tracking studyAiko MoritaIzumi FukuyaThe present study aims to improve understanding of how learners pay attention to the simultaneous presentation of text and multiple pictures in multimedia learning, focusing on the relationship between learners’ reading strategies and learning performance. Specifically, we focused on multiple thematic maps because they should be compared to each other to understand the causal relationships. Thirty-six university students read fictitious geographic learning materials consisting of text and five thematic maps, and completed retention and comprehension tests. Learners’ eye movements were recorded and their relationships with learning outcomes were examined. First, we found that fixation duration on maps was positively correlated with comprehension test scores. Second, the longer fixation duration of high-performance learners begin at an early stage of learning. Third, the gaze shift frequency between maps was positively correlated with comprehension test scores. This study demonstrates that the reading strategy of paying attention to maps and comparing them frequently is associated with higher geographic comprehension.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1487439/fullmultimedia learningeye-trackingmultiple mapstextgeography
spellingShingle Aiko Morita
Izumi Fukuya
Integrative processing of text and multiple maps in multimedia learning: an eye-tracking study
Frontiers in Psychology
multimedia learning
eye-tracking
multiple maps
text
geography
title Integrative processing of text and multiple maps in multimedia learning: an eye-tracking study
title_full Integrative processing of text and multiple maps in multimedia learning: an eye-tracking study
title_fullStr Integrative processing of text and multiple maps in multimedia learning: an eye-tracking study
title_full_unstemmed Integrative processing of text and multiple maps in multimedia learning: an eye-tracking study
title_short Integrative processing of text and multiple maps in multimedia learning: an eye-tracking study
title_sort integrative processing of text and multiple maps in multimedia learning an eye tracking study
topic multimedia learning
eye-tracking
multiple maps
text
geography
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1487439/full
work_keys_str_mv AT aikomorita integrativeprocessingoftextandmultiplemapsinmultimedialearninganeyetrackingstudy
AT izumifukuya integrativeprocessingoftextandmultiplemapsinmultimedialearninganeyetrackingstudy