Power-Efficient Recycling Folded Cascode Operational Transconductance Amplifier Based on Nested Local Feedback and Adaptive Biasing
In this paper, we present a novel enhanced recycling folded cascode (ERFC) operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), which exhibits high efficiency and a fast transient response under weak inversion. Our innovative combination of adaptive biasing with nested local feedback (ABNLF) effectively en...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-04-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/8/2523 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850180484051501056 |
|---|---|
| author | Chunkai Wu Peng Cai Jinghu Li Jin Xie Zhicong Luo |
| author_facet | Chunkai Wu Peng Cai Jinghu Li Jin Xie Zhicong Luo |
| author_sort | Chunkai Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, we present a novel enhanced recycling folded cascode (ERFC) operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), which exhibits high efficiency and a fast transient response under weak inversion. Our innovative combination of adaptive biasing with nested local feedback (ABNLF) effectively enhances the input transconductance and slew rate (SR), thus improving the transient response. By incorporating coupling capacitors at the output stage, we achieve a stable operating region with large signal responses. Both the traditional RFC OTA and the proposed ERFC OTA were designed in a 0.18 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m CMOS process, operating at a power supply of 1.8 V, with quiescent currents of 8 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>A and 10.4 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>A, respectively. Post-layout simulations reveal a remarkable enhancement in the proposed ERFC OTA over the traditional RFC OTA, with the SR and gain–bandwidth (GBW) surging by 120- and 5.95-fold, respectively. This advancement boosts the efficiency of the traditional RFC OTA and provides an impressive figure of merit (FoM) of 130.04 (V/<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>s)·pF/<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>A. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8f43d09672ea4f659e9b98a09eb0a44b |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-8f43d09672ea4f659e9b98a09eb0a44b2025-08-20T02:18:10ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-04-01258252310.3390/s25082523Power-Efficient Recycling Folded Cascode Operational Transconductance Amplifier Based on Nested Local Feedback and Adaptive BiasingChunkai Wu0Peng Cai1Jinghu Li2Jin Xie3Zhicong Luo4School of Computer and Information Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaDepartment of Information and Electromechanical Engineering, Jinshan College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaSchool of Computer and Information Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaIn this paper, we present a novel enhanced recycling folded cascode (ERFC) operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), which exhibits high efficiency and a fast transient response under weak inversion. Our innovative combination of adaptive biasing with nested local feedback (ABNLF) effectively enhances the input transconductance and slew rate (SR), thus improving the transient response. By incorporating coupling capacitors at the output stage, we achieve a stable operating region with large signal responses. Both the traditional RFC OTA and the proposed ERFC OTA were designed in a 0.18 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m CMOS process, operating at a power supply of 1.8 V, with quiescent currents of 8 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>A and 10.4 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>A, respectively. Post-layout simulations reveal a remarkable enhancement in the proposed ERFC OTA over the traditional RFC OTA, with the SR and gain–bandwidth (GBW) surging by 120- and 5.95-fold, respectively. This advancement boosts the efficiency of the traditional RFC OTA and provides an impressive figure of merit (FoM) of 130.04 (V/<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>s)·pF/<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>A.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/8/2523enhanced recycling folded cascode (ERFC)high efficiencytransient responseadaptive biasingnested local feedback technique |
| spellingShingle | Chunkai Wu Peng Cai Jinghu Li Jin Xie Zhicong Luo Power-Efficient Recycling Folded Cascode Operational Transconductance Amplifier Based on Nested Local Feedback and Adaptive Biasing Sensors enhanced recycling folded cascode (ERFC) high efficiency transient response adaptive biasing nested local feedback technique |
| title | Power-Efficient Recycling Folded Cascode Operational Transconductance Amplifier Based on Nested Local Feedback and Adaptive Biasing |
| title_full | Power-Efficient Recycling Folded Cascode Operational Transconductance Amplifier Based on Nested Local Feedback and Adaptive Biasing |
| title_fullStr | Power-Efficient Recycling Folded Cascode Operational Transconductance Amplifier Based on Nested Local Feedback and Adaptive Biasing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Power-Efficient Recycling Folded Cascode Operational Transconductance Amplifier Based on Nested Local Feedback and Adaptive Biasing |
| title_short | Power-Efficient Recycling Folded Cascode Operational Transconductance Amplifier Based on Nested Local Feedback and Adaptive Biasing |
| title_sort | power efficient recycling folded cascode operational transconductance amplifier based on nested local feedback and adaptive biasing |
| topic | enhanced recycling folded cascode (ERFC) high efficiency transient response adaptive biasing nested local feedback technique |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/8/2523 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chunkaiwu powerefficientrecyclingfoldedcascodeoperationaltransconductanceamplifierbasedonnestedlocalfeedbackandadaptivebiasing AT pengcai powerefficientrecyclingfoldedcascodeoperationaltransconductanceamplifierbasedonnestedlocalfeedbackandadaptivebiasing AT jinghuli powerefficientrecyclingfoldedcascodeoperationaltransconductanceamplifierbasedonnestedlocalfeedbackandadaptivebiasing AT jinxie powerefficientrecyclingfoldedcascodeoperationaltransconductanceamplifierbasedonnestedlocalfeedbackandadaptivebiasing AT zhicongluo powerefficientrecyclingfoldedcascodeoperationaltransconductanceamplifierbasedonnestedlocalfeedbackandadaptivebiasing |