From Colonization to High Production and Plasmodium vivax Infection of Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles deaneorum: a Platform for Malaria Research

The mass rearing of anopheline mosquitoes under laboratory conditions is essential for advancing malaria research. It facilitates in-depth studies on mosquito biology, behavior, and genetics and their role in Plasmodium transmission. However, the colonization of Neotropical anophelines such as Anoph...

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Main Authors: Maisa Araujo, Alice Andrade, Alessandra Bastos, Najara Santos, José Pontual, Jéssica Araújo, Marina Rocha, Maria Miguel, Ana Costa, Joseph Vinetz, Ricardo Gazzinelli, Jansen Medeiros
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Bio-protocol LLC 2025-05-01
Series:Bio-Protocol
Online Access:https://bio-protocol.org/en/bpdetail?id=5302&type=0
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author Maisa Araujo
Alice Andrade
Alessandra Bastos
Najara Santos
José Pontual
Jéssica Araújo
Marina Rocha
Maria Miguel
Ana Costa
Joseph Vinetz
Ricardo Gazzinelli
Jansen Medeiros
author_facet Maisa Araujo
Alice Andrade
Alessandra Bastos
Najara Santos
José Pontual
Jéssica Araújo
Marina Rocha
Maria Miguel
Ana Costa
Joseph Vinetz
Ricardo Gazzinelli
Jansen Medeiros
author_sort Maisa Araujo
collection DOAJ
description The mass rearing of anopheline mosquitoes under laboratory conditions is essential for advancing malaria research. It facilitates in-depth studies on mosquito biology, behavior, and genetics and their role in Plasmodium transmission. However, the colonization of Neotropical anophelines such as Anopheles darlingi—a primary malaria vector in the Amazon region—has proven particularly challenging due to its unique reproductive characteristics. Unlike other species that can initially be colonized using forced copulation methods and later adapt to natural mating, An. darlingi does not copulate under forced conditions. Recent breakthroughs in An. darlingi colonization have been achieved using flashlight induction techniques, which have enabled the establishment and maintenance of stable laboratory populations. These advancements have created new opportunities for vector control studies in Brazil, including the testing of innovative control methods and Plasmodium transmission-blocking strategies. This protocol offers a comprehensive, step-by-step guide for initiating and scaling up large laboratory colonies of An. darlingi and An. deaneorum, a secondary malaria vector. It details methods for copulation induction, colony management, and successful artificial infection of mosquitoes with Plasmodium vivax. The guide serves as a critical resource for establishing new Neotropical anopheline colonies from different populations, contributing to future malaria research and control efforts in the Amazon. Additionally, the establishment of Brazil’s first Malaria Vector Production and Infection Platform (Plataforma de Produção e Infecção de Vetores da Malária, PIVEM) has further supported the development of new control technologies and the study of P. vivax–Anopheles interaction, advancing efforts to combat malaria in the region.
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spelling doaj-art-8f37407b3f3147c5a4cc800df170ea302025-08-20T02:14:01ZengBio-protocol LLCBio-Protocol2331-83252025-05-0115910.21769/BioProtoc.5302From Colonization to High Production and Plasmodium vivax Infection of Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles deaneorum: a Platform for Malaria ResearchMaisa Araujo0Alice Andrade1Alessandra Bastos2Najara Santos3José Pontual4Jéssica Araújo5Marina Rocha6Maria Miguel7Ana Costa8Joseph Vinetz9Ricardo Gazzinelli10Jansen Medeiros11Plataforma de Produção e Infecção de Vetores da Malária (PIVEM), Laboratório de Entomologia, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondonia, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Conservação e uso de Recursos Naturais – PPGReN, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil, Laboratório de Pesquisa Translacional e Clínica, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical, Porto Plataforma de Produção e Infecção de Vetores da Malária (PIVEM), Laboratório de Entomologia, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondonia, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrasilPlataforma de Produção e Infecção de Vetores da Malária (PIVEM), Laboratório de Entomologia, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondonia, BrazilInstituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental - INCT-EpI-AmO, Porto Velho, RO, BrasilPlataforma de Produção e Infecção de Vetores da Malária (PIVEM), Laboratório de Entomologia, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondonia, BrazilPlataforma de Produção e Infecção de Vetores da Malária (PIVEM), Laboratório de Entomologia, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondonia, BrazilInstituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental - INCT-EpI-AmO, Porto Velho, RO, BrasilPlataforma de Produção e Infecção de Vetores da Malária (PIVEM), Laboratório de Entomologia, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondonia, BrazilInstituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental - INCT-EpI-AmO, Porto Velho, RO, BrasilPlataforma de Produção e Infecção de Vetores da Malária (PIVEM), Laboratório de Entomologia, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondonia, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Conservação e uso de Recursos Naturais – PPGReN, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondonia, BrazilPlataforma de Produção e Infecção de Vetores da Malária (PIVEM), Laboratório de Entomologia, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondonia, BrazilPlataforma de Produção e Infecção de Vetores da Malária (PIVEM), Laboratório de Entomologia, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondonia, BrazilInstituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental - INCT-EpI-AmO, Porto Velho, RO, BrasilSection of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USALaboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilDepartment of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USAPlataforma de Produção e Infecção de Vetores da Malária (PIVEM), Laboratório de Entomologia, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondonia, BrazilInstituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental - INCT-EpI-AmO, Porto Velho, RO, BrasilThe mass rearing of anopheline mosquitoes under laboratory conditions is essential for advancing malaria research. It facilitates in-depth studies on mosquito biology, behavior, and genetics and their role in Plasmodium transmission. However, the colonization of Neotropical anophelines such as Anopheles darlingi—a primary malaria vector in the Amazon region—has proven particularly challenging due to its unique reproductive characteristics. Unlike other species that can initially be colonized using forced copulation methods and later adapt to natural mating, An. darlingi does not copulate under forced conditions. Recent breakthroughs in An. darlingi colonization have been achieved using flashlight induction techniques, which have enabled the establishment and maintenance of stable laboratory populations. These advancements have created new opportunities for vector control studies in Brazil, including the testing of innovative control methods and Plasmodium transmission-blocking strategies. This protocol offers a comprehensive, step-by-step guide for initiating and scaling up large laboratory colonies of An. darlingi and An. deaneorum, a secondary malaria vector. It details methods for copulation induction, colony management, and successful artificial infection of mosquitoes with Plasmodium vivax. The guide serves as a critical resource for establishing new Neotropical anopheline colonies from different populations, contributing to future malaria research and control efforts in the Amazon. Additionally, the establishment of Brazil’s first Malaria Vector Production and Infection Platform (Plataforma de Produção e Infecção de Vetores da Malária, PIVEM) has further supported the development of new control technologies and the study of P. vivax–Anopheles interaction, advancing efforts to combat malaria in the region.https://bio-protocol.org/en/bpdetail?id=5302&type=0
spellingShingle Maisa Araujo
Alice Andrade
Alessandra Bastos
Najara Santos
José Pontual
Jéssica Araújo
Marina Rocha
Maria Miguel
Ana Costa
Joseph Vinetz
Ricardo Gazzinelli
Jansen Medeiros
From Colonization to High Production and Plasmodium vivax Infection of Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles deaneorum: a Platform for Malaria Research
Bio-Protocol
title From Colonization to High Production and Plasmodium vivax Infection of Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles deaneorum: a Platform for Malaria Research
title_full From Colonization to High Production and Plasmodium vivax Infection of Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles deaneorum: a Platform for Malaria Research
title_fullStr From Colonization to High Production and Plasmodium vivax Infection of Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles deaneorum: a Platform for Malaria Research
title_full_unstemmed From Colonization to High Production and Plasmodium vivax Infection of Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles deaneorum: a Platform for Malaria Research
title_short From Colonization to High Production and Plasmodium vivax Infection of Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles deaneorum: a Platform for Malaria Research
title_sort from colonization to high production and plasmodium vivax infection of anopheles darlingi and anopheles deaneorum a platform for malaria research
url https://bio-protocol.org/en/bpdetail?id=5302&type=0
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