Experimental Analysis of Battery Cell Heating Through Electromagnetic Induction-Based Liquid System Considering Induction Power and Flow Rate Effects in Extreme-Cold Conditions

The performance of lithium-ion batteries deteriorates significantly under extreme-cold conditions due to increased internal resistance and decreased electrochemical activity. This study presents an experimental analysis of a battery thermal management system (BTMS) incorporating electromagnetic indu...

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Main Authors: Alirıza Kaleli, Bilal Sungur
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Batteries
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/3/105
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author Alirıza Kaleli
Bilal Sungur
author_facet Alirıza Kaleli
Bilal Sungur
author_sort Alirıza Kaleli
collection DOAJ
description The performance of lithium-ion batteries deteriorates significantly under extreme-cold conditions due to increased internal resistance and decreased electrochemical activity. This study presents an experimental analysis of a battery thermal management system (BTMS) incorporating electromagnetic induction heating and a fluid-based heat transfer mechanism to alleviate these problems. The experimental setup utilizes a closed-loop circulation system where ethylene glycol-based fluid flows through induction-heated copper tubes, ensuring efficient heat transfer to an 18650-cell battery. This study evaluates heating performance under varying ambient temperatures (−15 °C and −5 °C), fluid flow rates (0.22, 0.3, and 0.5 L/min), and induction power levels (150 W, 225 W, 275 W, and 400 W). The results indicate that lower flow rates (e.g., 0.22 L/min) provide faster heating due to longer thermal interaction time with the battery; however, localized boiling points were observed at these low flow rates, potentially leading to efficiency losses and thermal instability. At −15 °C and 400 W, the battery temperature reached 25 °C in 383 s at 0.22 L/min, while at 0.5 L/min, the same temperature was achieved in 463 s. Higher flow rates improved temperature uniformity but slightly reduced heating efficiency due to increased heat dissipation. Internal resistance measurements revealed a substantial decrease as battery temperature increased, further validating the effectiveness of the system. These findings present a viable alternative for heating electric vehicle batteries in sub-zero environments, thereby optimizing battery performance and extending operational lifespan.
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spelling doaj-art-8f24b5d2f0ca4bb2a7d1f04ed864e3c82025-08-20T02:42:38ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052025-03-0111310510.3390/batteries11030105Experimental Analysis of Battery Cell Heating Through Electromagnetic Induction-Based Liquid System Considering Induction Power and Flow Rate Effects in Extreme-Cold ConditionsAlirıza Kaleli0Bilal Sungur1Department of Electrical–Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Samsun University, Samsun 55139, TürkiyeDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Samsun University, Samsun 55139, TürkiyeThe performance of lithium-ion batteries deteriorates significantly under extreme-cold conditions due to increased internal resistance and decreased electrochemical activity. This study presents an experimental analysis of a battery thermal management system (BTMS) incorporating electromagnetic induction heating and a fluid-based heat transfer mechanism to alleviate these problems. The experimental setup utilizes a closed-loop circulation system where ethylene glycol-based fluid flows through induction-heated copper tubes, ensuring efficient heat transfer to an 18650-cell battery. This study evaluates heating performance under varying ambient temperatures (−15 °C and −5 °C), fluid flow rates (0.22, 0.3, and 0.5 L/min), and induction power levels (150 W, 225 W, 275 W, and 400 W). The results indicate that lower flow rates (e.g., 0.22 L/min) provide faster heating due to longer thermal interaction time with the battery; however, localized boiling points were observed at these low flow rates, potentially leading to efficiency losses and thermal instability. At −15 °C and 400 W, the battery temperature reached 25 °C in 383 s at 0.22 L/min, while at 0.5 L/min, the same temperature was achieved in 463 s. Higher flow rates improved temperature uniformity but slightly reduced heating efficiency due to increased heat dissipation. Internal resistance measurements revealed a substantial decrease as battery temperature increased, further validating the effectiveness of the system. These findings present a viable alternative for heating electric vehicle batteries in sub-zero environments, thereby optimizing battery performance and extending operational lifespan.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/3/105Li-ion batteryinduction heatingextreme-cold conditionsbattery thermal management
spellingShingle Alirıza Kaleli
Bilal Sungur
Experimental Analysis of Battery Cell Heating Through Electromagnetic Induction-Based Liquid System Considering Induction Power and Flow Rate Effects in Extreme-Cold Conditions
Batteries
Li-ion battery
induction heating
extreme-cold conditions
battery thermal management
title Experimental Analysis of Battery Cell Heating Through Electromagnetic Induction-Based Liquid System Considering Induction Power and Flow Rate Effects in Extreme-Cold Conditions
title_full Experimental Analysis of Battery Cell Heating Through Electromagnetic Induction-Based Liquid System Considering Induction Power and Flow Rate Effects in Extreme-Cold Conditions
title_fullStr Experimental Analysis of Battery Cell Heating Through Electromagnetic Induction-Based Liquid System Considering Induction Power and Flow Rate Effects in Extreme-Cold Conditions
title_full_unstemmed Experimental Analysis of Battery Cell Heating Through Electromagnetic Induction-Based Liquid System Considering Induction Power and Flow Rate Effects in Extreme-Cold Conditions
title_short Experimental Analysis of Battery Cell Heating Through Electromagnetic Induction-Based Liquid System Considering Induction Power and Flow Rate Effects in Extreme-Cold Conditions
title_sort experimental analysis of battery cell heating through electromagnetic induction based liquid system considering induction power and flow rate effects in extreme cold conditions
topic Li-ion battery
induction heating
extreme-cold conditions
battery thermal management
url https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/3/105
work_keys_str_mv AT alirızakaleli experimentalanalysisofbatterycellheatingthroughelectromagneticinductionbasedliquidsystemconsideringinductionpowerandflowrateeffectsinextremecoldconditions
AT bilalsungur experimentalanalysisofbatterycellheatingthroughelectromagneticinductionbasedliquidsystemconsideringinductionpowerandflowrateeffectsinextremecoldconditions