Mechanics of Space Debris Removal: A Review

The growing population of space debris poses a critical risk to space operations, requiring urgent removal strategies. Numerous scientific investigations have focused on debris capture mechanisms in Earth’s orbits, including contact and contact-less capturing methods. However, the known debris popul...

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Main Authors: Mohammad Bigdeli, Rajat Srivastava, Michele Scaraggi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Aerospace
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/4/277
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author Mohammad Bigdeli
Rajat Srivastava
Michele Scaraggi
author_facet Mohammad Bigdeli
Rajat Srivastava
Michele Scaraggi
author_sort Mohammad Bigdeli
collection DOAJ
description The growing population of space debris poses a critical risk to space operations, requiring urgent removal strategies. Numerous scientific investigations have focused on debris capture mechanisms in Earth’s orbits, including contact and contact-less capturing methods. However, the known debris population exhibits a multiscale distribution with broad statistics concerning size, shape, etc., making any general-purpose removal approach challenging. This review examines the mechanics of debris detection, capture, and mitigation, analyzing contact-based and contactless removal techniques. Special focus is given to net capturing methods and their mechanical limitations.We also aim to provide comprehensive discussion, beginning with an overview of current debris statistics followed by detection and removal methods, by analyzing key mechanical parameters relevant to removal. Therefore, we delve into the key parameters essential for the engineering of novel debris removal technologies. Finally, we discuss the preventive measures, regulative frameworks and future research directions.
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spelling doaj-art-8f2011f7fa734c118f0f9abdabd33f0b2025-08-20T03:14:23ZengMDPI AGAerospace2226-43102025-03-0112427710.3390/aerospace12040277Mechanics of Space Debris Removal: A ReviewMohammad Bigdeli0Rajat Srivastava1Michele Scaraggi2Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, ItalyDepartment of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, ItalyDepartment of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, ItalyThe growing population of space debris poses a critical risk to space operations, requiring urgent removal strategies. Numerous scientific investigations have focused on debris capture mechanisms in Earth’s orbits, including contact and contact-less capturing methods. However, the known debris population exhibits a multiscale distribution with broad statistics concerning size, shape, etc., making any general-purpose removal approach challenging. This review examines the mechanics of debris detection, capture, and mitigation, analyzing contact-based and contactless removal techniques. Special focus is given to net capturing methods and their mechanical limitations.We also aim to provide comprehensive discussion, beginning with an overview of current debris statistics followed by detection and removal methods, by analyzing key mechanical parameters relevant to removal. Therefore, we delve into the key parameters essential for the engineering of novel debris removal technologies. Finally, we discuss the preventive measures, regulative frameworks and future research directions.https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/4/277space debris mechanicsdebris statisticsdebris capture methodsEarth orbitsdebris detectionnet contact mechanics
spellingShingle Mohammad Bigdeli
Rajat Srivastava
Michele Scaraggi
Mechanics of Space Debris Removal: A Review
Aerospace
space debris mechanics
debris statistics
debris capture methods
Earth orbits
debris detection
net contact mechanics
title Mechanics of Space Debris Removal: A Review
title_full Mechanics of Space Debris Removal: A Review
title_fullStr Mechanics of Space Debris Removal: A Review
title_full_unstemmed Mechanics of Space Debris Removal: A Review
title_short Mechanics of Space Debris Removal: A Review
title_sort mechanics of space debris removal a review
topic space debris mechanics
debris statistics
debris capture methods
Earth orbits
debris detection
net contact mechanics
url https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/4/277
work_keys_str_mv AT mohammadbigdeli mechanicsofspacedebrisremovalareview
AT rajatsrivastava mechanicsofspacedebrisremovalareview
AT michelescaraggi mechanicsofspacedebrisremovalareview