Laser Therapy Approaches in the Treatment of Kaposi’s Sarcoma: A Comprehensive Review of Dermatologic Options

Introduction: Kaposi sarcoma is a multicentric angioproliferative disease associated with human herpesvirus 8 and often exacerbated by immunosuppression. Effective treatment includes systemic and local therapies, with laser treatments gaining prominence in dermatological practice. Objectives: Thi...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chiara Battilotti, Fortunato Cassalia, Francesca Svara, Alessandra Latini, Norma Cameli, Steven Paul Nisticò
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Mattioli1885 2025-07-01
Series:Dermatology Practical & Conceptual
Subjects:
Online Access:https://dpcj.org/index.php/dpc/article/view/5332
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849235143841021952
author Chiara Battilotti
Fortunato Cassalia
Francesca Svara
Alessandra Latini
Norma Cameli
Steven Paul Nisticò
author_facet Chiara Battilotti
Fortunato Cassalia
Francesca Svara
Alessandra Latini
Norma Cameli
Steven Paul Nisticò
author_sort Chiara Battilotti
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Kaposi sarcoma is a multicentric angioproliferative disease associated with human herpesvirus 8 and often exacerbated by immunosuppression. Effective treatment includes systemic and local therapies, with laser treatments gaining prominence in dermatological practice. Objectives: This narrative review evaluates the efficacy and safety of laser treatment modalities in the management of cutaneous and mucosal KS lesions to guide dermatological decision making. Methods: A comprehensive English-language literature search was conducted using PubMed and Scopus up to November 2024. Search terms included “Kaposi’s sarcoma”, “laser therapy” and “laser treatment”. Case reports and observational studies with defined patient characteristics, standardized laser protocols, and documented outcomes were included. Results: The Nd:YAG laser emerged as the leading modality for thick, nodular KS lesions, demonstrating deep tissue penetration and high efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Pulsed dye laser was highly effective for superficial cutaneous and mucosal lesions, with excellent cosmetic outcomes and minimal recurrence. The CO₂ laser showed promise in ablating small lesions but had limitations due to scarring risks and potential biohazard concerns. Argon lasers were historically important but are now less favored due to lower specificity for vascular targets and higher risk of non-vascular tissue damage. Conclusions: Laser therapy offers versatile and effective treatment options for KS. Nd:YAG and PDL lasers are particularly promising due to their high efficacy, favorable safety profiles and low recurrence rates. Further research is needed to refine laser protocols and validate long-term outcomes in different patient populations.
format Article
id doaj-art-8f1e2bfc6e3145fa9d016e0bc6aaf243
institution Kabale University
issn 2160-9381
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Mattioli1885
record_format Article
series Dermatology Practical & Conceptual
spelling doaj-art-8f1e2bfc6e3145fa9d016e0bc6aaf2432025-08-20T04:02:51ZengMattioli1885Dermatology Practical & Conceptual2160-93812025-07-0115310.5826/dpc.1503a5332Laser Therapy Approaches in the Treatment of Kaposi’s Sarcoma: A Comprehensive Review of Dermatologic OptionsChiara Battilotti0Fortunato Cassalia1Francesca Svara2Alessandra Latini3Norma Cameli4Steven Paul Nisticò5Department of Dermatology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;Unit of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy;Department of Dermatology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;Department of Dermatology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute-IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy;Department of Dermatology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute-IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy;Department of Dermatology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; Introduction: Kaposi sarcoma is a multicentric angioproliferative disease associated with human herpesvirus 8 and often exacerbated by immunosuppression. Effective treatment includes systemic and local therapies, with laser treatments gaining prominence in dermatological practice. Objectives: This narrative review evaluates the efficacy and safety of laser treatment modalities in the management of cutaneous and mucosal KS lesions to guide dermatological decision making. Methods: A comprehensive English-language literature search was conducted using PubMed and Scopus up to November 2024. Search terms included “Kaposi’s sarcoma”, “laser therapy” and “laser treatment”. Case reports and observational studies with defined patient characteristics, standardized laser protocols, and documented outcomes were included. Results: The Nd:YAG laser emerged as the leading modality for thick, nodular KS lesions, demonstrating deep tissue penetration and high efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Pulsed dye laser was highly effective for superficial cutaneous and mucosal lesions, with excellent cosmetic outcomes and minimal recurrence. The CO₂ laser showed promise in ablating small lesions but had limitations due to scarring risks and potential biohazard concerns. Argon lasers were historically important but are now less favored due to lower specificity for vascular targets and higher risk of non-vascular tissue damage. Conclusions: Laser therapy offers versatile and effective treatment options for KS. Nd:YAG and PDL lasers are particularly promising due to their high efficacy, favorable safety profiles and low recurrence rates. Further research is needed to refine laser protocols and validate long-term outcomes in different patient populations. https://dpcj.org/index.php/dpc/article/view/5332Kaposi's sarcoma, Laser therapy, Pulsed dye laser, PDL, Nd:YAG laser
spellingShingle Chiara Battilotti
Fortunato Cassalia
Francesca Svara
Alessandra Latini
Norma Cameli
Steven Paul Nisticò
Laser Therapy Approaches in the Treatment of Kaposi’s Sarcoma: A Comprehensive Review of Dermatologic Options
Dermatology Practical & Conceptual
Kaposi's sarcoma, Laser therapy, Pulsed dye laser, PDL, Nd:YAG laser
title Laser Therapy Approaches in the Treatment of Kaposi’s Sarcoma: A Comprehensive Review of Dermatologic Options
title_full Laser Therapy Approaches in the Treatment of Kaposi’s Sarcoma: A Comprehensive Review of Dermatologic Options
title_fullStr Laser Therapy Approaches in the Treatment of Kaposi’s Sarcoma: A Comprehensive Review of Dermatologic Options
title_full_unstemmed Laser Therapy Approaches in the Treatment of Kaposi’s Sarcoma: A Comprehensive Review of Dermatologic Options
title_short Laser Therapy Approaches in the Treatment of Kaposi’s Sarcoma: A Comprehensive Review of Dermatologic Options
title_sort laser therapy approaches in the treatment of kaposi s sarcoma a comprehensive review of dermatologic options
topic Kaposi's sarcoma, Laser therapy, Pulsed dye laser, PDL, Nd:YAG laser
url https://dpcj.org/index.php/dpc/article/view/5332
work_keys_str_mv AT chiarabattilotti lasertherapyapproachesinthetreatmentofkaposissarcomaacomprehensivereviewofdermatologicoptions
AT fortunatocassalia lasertherapyapproachesinthetreatmentofkaposissarcomaacomprehensivereviewofdermatologicoptions
AT francescasvara lasertherapyapproachesinthetreatmentofkaposissarcomaacomprehensivereviewofdermatologicoptions
AT alessandralatini lasertherapyapproachesinthetreatmentofkaposissarcomaacomprehensivereviewofdermatologicoptions
AT normacameli lasertherapyapproachesinthetreatmentofkaposissarcomaacomprehensivereviewofdermatologicoptions
AT stevenpaulnistico lasertherapyapproachesinthetreatmentofkaposissarcomaacomprehensivereviewofdermatologicoptions