Study on the effect of subway construction on adjacent architectural heritages and protection measures

Abstract The construction of the subway threatens the safety of adjacent architectural heritages. This study investigates the effect of subway foundation pit excavation and train-induced vibrations on adjacent architectural heritage through a case study of the City Square Station in Shaoxing. A thre...

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Main Authors: Yifeng He, Bolong Liu, Hui Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11831-z
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author Yifeng He
Bolong Liu
Hui Zhang
author_facet Yifeng He
Bolong Liu
Hui Zhang
author_sort Yifeng He
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The construction of the subway threatens the safety of adjacent architectural heritages. This study investigates the effect of subway foundation pit excavation and train-induced vibrations on adjacent architectural heritage through a case study of the City Square Station in Shaoxing. A three-dimensional numerical model was established by MIDAS GTS. During the excavation of the foundation pit, it is indicated that settlement was primarily concentrated within the pit, the maximum settlement is 2.06 mm. The pagoda exhibits a maximum global tilt of 0.0025° and a local tilt of 0.11‰, which are less than the threshold. However, within the deep soil influence zone near the pagoda, surface uplift occurred within 1–11.43 m from the foundation pit, followed by settlement. The maximum principal stress and shear stress primarily appeared on the eastern side of the foundation base. Under train-induced vibration, the maximum displacement and acceleration of the pagoda increase from the base to the spire due to the peak acceleration distribution, modal amplification effects, structural mass and stiffness distribution and dynamic inertial effects. To prevent the damage of the Dashan Pagoda, protective measures should be taken, such as optimization of pit support structures, vibration reduction and isolation, structural strengthening.
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spelling doaj-art-8f13fb18ea6241a9ad2258b75bbeaebc2025-08-20T03:05:17ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111810.1038/s41598-025-11831-zStudy on the effect of subway construction on adjacent architectural heritages and protection measuresYifeng He0Bolong Liu1Hui Zhang2School of Civil Engineering, Shaoxing UniversitySchool of Civil Engineering, Shaoxing UniversityThe Cultural Heritage Bureau of Yuecheng DistrictAbstract The construction of the subway threatens the safety of adjacent architectural heritages. This study investigates the effect of subway foundation pit excavation and train-induced vibrations on adjacent architectural heritage through a case study of the City Square Station in Shaoxing. A three-dimensional numerical model was established by MIDAS GTS. During the excavation of the foundation pit, it is indicated that settlement was primarily concentrated within the pit, the maximum settlement is 2.06 mm. The pagoda exhibits a maximum global tilt of 0.0025° and a local tilt of 0.11‰, which are less than the threshold. However, within the deep soil influence zone near the pagoda, surface uplift occurred within 1–11.43 m from the foundation pit, followed by settlement. The maximum principal stress and shear stress primarily appeared on the eastern side of the foundation base. Under train-induced vibration, the maximum displacement and acceleration of the pagoda increase from the base to the spire due to the peak acceleration distribution, modal amplification effects, structural mass and stiffness distribution and dynamic inertial effects. To prevent the damage of the Dashan Pagoda, protective measures should be taken, such as optimization of pit support structures, vibration reduction and isolation, structural strengthening.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11831-zSubway stationsArchitectural heritagesNumerical simulationTrain-induced vibrationsHeritage conservation
spellingShingle Yifeng He
Bolong Liu
Hui Zhang
Study on the effect of subway construction on adjacent architectural heritages and protection measures
Scientific Reports
Subway stations
Architectural heritages
Numerical simulation
Train-induced vibrations
Heritage conservation
title Study on the effect of subway construction on adjacent architectural heritages and protection measures
title_full Study on the effect of subway construction on adjacent architectural heritages and protection measures
title_fullStr Study on the effect of subway construction on adjacent architectural heritages and protection measures
title_full_unstemmed Study on the effect of subway construction on adjacent architectural heritages and protection measures
title_short Study on the effect of subway construction on adjacent architectural heritages and protection measures
title_sort study on the effect of subway construction on adjacent architectural heritages and protection measures
topic Subway stations
Architectural heritages
Numerical simulation
Train-induced vibrations
Heritage conservation
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11831-z
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AT bolongliu studyontheeffectofsubwayconstructiononadjacentarchitecturalheritagesandprotectionmeasures
AT huizhang studyontheeffectofsubwayconstructiononadjacentarchitecturalheritagesandprotectionmeasures