Development of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risk prediction models for maintenance hemodialysis patients based on metabolomics

Abstract Introduction The outcome of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) remains poor, with cardiovascular death accounting for more than half of all-cause death cases. In this study, cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality prediction models were developed to investigate the predictive role of m...

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Main Authors: Lian-Lian You, Cui Dong, Zhi-Hong Wang, Shuang Zhang, Yu Zhang, Ting-Ting Kuai, Jia Xiao, Shu-Xin Liu, Qing-Cheng Zeng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Nephrology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-025-04291-0
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author Lian-Lian You
Cui Dong
Zhi-Hong Wang
Shuang Zhang
Yu Zhang
Ting-Ting Kuai
Jia Xiao
Shu-Xin Liu
Qing-Cheng Zeng
author_facet Lian-Lian You
Cui Dong
Zhi-Hong Wang
Shuang Zhang
Yu Zhang
Ting-Ting Kuai
Jia Xiao
Shu-Xin Liu
Qing-Cheng Zeng
author_sort Lian-Lian You
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction The outcome of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) remains poor, with cardiovascular death accounting for more than half of all-cause death cases. In this study, cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality prediction models were developed to investigate the predictive role of metabolites in MHD patients. Methods Clinical and metabolomics data of 135 hemodialysis patients from a single center were collected with a 6-year follow-up. Univariate Cox regression and random forest were respectively applied to preliminarily screen clinical and metabolomics characteristics, followed by multivariate Cox regression for identifying features predicting cardiovascular or all-cause mortality. Multivariate Cox proportional regression risk models were constructed using clinical, metabolomics, and combined features. Subgroup survival differences were compared via risk score stratification. Results The combined model showed significant superiority in predicting cardiovascular mortality (3-year AUC = 0.901, 5-year AUC = 0.876), surpassing the clinical-only model (0.868/0.826) and metabolomics-only model (0.659/0.641). For all-cause mortality, the combined model demonstrated modest improvement (0.859/0.834) but still outperformed the metabolomics model (0.534/0.653). Thirty 5-fold cross-validations confirmed stable performance. High-risk groups had significantly higher cumulative mortality than low-risk groups (p < 0.0001). Conclusion The metabolomics-alone model showed limited predictive performance, but its synergistic integration with clinical indicators further improved the predictive performance of mortality risk models, particularly for cardiovascular mortality.
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spelling doaj-art-8f107d89d73d464cba6c41a2cafc9c732025-08-20T04:01:53ZengBMCBMC Nephrology1471-23692025-07-0126111210.1186/s12882-025-04291-0Development of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risk prediction models for maintenance hemodialysis patients based on metabolomicsLian-Lian You0Cui Dong1Zhi-Hong Wang2Shuang Zhang3Yu Zhang4Ting-Ting Kuai5Jia Xiao6Shu-Xin Liu7Qing-Cheng Zeng8School of Maritime Economics and Management, Dalian Maritime UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, Central Hospital of Dalian University of TechnologyDepartment of Nephrology, Central Hospital of Dalian University of TechnologyDepartment of Nephrology, Central Hospital of Dalian University of TechnologyDepartment of Nephrology, Central Hospital of Dalian University of TechnologyDepartment of Nephrology, Central Hospital of Dalian University of TechnologyDepartment of Nephrology, Central Hospital of Dalian University of TechnologyDepartment of Nephrology, Central Hospital of Dalian University of TechnologySchool of Maritime Economics and Management, Dalian Maritime UniversityAbstract Introduction The outcome of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) remains poor, with cardiovascular death accounting for more than half of all-cause death cases. In this study, cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality prediction models were developed to investigate the predictive role of metabolites in MHD patients. Methods Clinical and metabolomics data of 135 hemodialysis patients from a single center were collected with a 6-year follow-up. Univariate Cox regression and random forest were respectively applied to preliminarily screen clinical and metabolomics characteristics, followed by multivariate Cox regression for identifying features predicting cardiovascular or all-cause mortality. Multivariate Cox proportional regression risk models were constructed using clinical, metabolomics, and combined features. Subgroup survival differences were compared via risk score stratification. Results The combined model showed significant superiority in predicting cardiovascular mortality (3-year AUC = 0.901, 5-year AUC = 0.876), surpassing the clinical-only model (0.868/0.826) and metabolomics-only model (0.659/0.641). For all-cause mortality, the combined model demonstrated modest improvement (0.859/0.834) but still outperformed the metabolomics model (0.534/0.653). Thirty 5-fold cross-validations confirmed stable performance. High-risk groups had significantly higher cumulative mortality than low-risk groups (p < 0.0001). Conclusion The metabolomics-alone model showed limited predictive performance, but its synergistic integration with clinical indicators further improved the predictive performance of mortality risk models, particularly for cardiovascular mortality.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-025-04291-0All-cause mortalityCardiovascular mortalityMaintenance hemodialysisMetabolomicsPrediction model
spellingShingle Lian-Lian You
Cui Dong
Zhi-Hong Wang
Shuang Zhang
Yu Zhang
Ting-Ting Kuai
Jia Xiao
Shu-Xin Liu
Qing-Cheng Zeng
Development of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risk prediction models for maintenance hemodialysis patients based on metabolomics
BMC Nephrology
All-cause mortality
Cardiovascular mortality
Maintenance hemodialysis
Metabolomics
Prediction model
title Development of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risk prediction models for maintenance hemodialysis patients based on metabolomics
title_full Development of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risk prediction models for maintenance hemodialysis patients based on metabolomics
title_fullStr Development of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risk prediction models for maintenance hemodialysis patients based on metabolomics
title_full_unstemmed Development of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risk prediction models for maintenance hemodialysis patients based on metabolomics
title_short Development of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risk prediction models for maintenance hemodialysis patients based on metabolomics
title_sort development of cardiovascular and all cause mortality risk prediction models for maintenance hemodialysis patients based on metabolomics
topic All-cause mortality
Cardiovascular mortality
Maintenance hemodialysis
Metabolomics
Prediction model
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-025-04291-0
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