The influence of partisanship on the roots of anti-vaccine attitudes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

This study identifies the underlying drivers of vaccine hesitancy by analyzing political factors, perceptions of vaccine safety, socioeconomic characteristics, and communication variables. We created a partisanship score using supervised machine learning algorithms with the random forest method to a...

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Main Authors: Sylvia Iasulaitis, Alan Demetrius Baria Valejo, Leonardo Ribeiro dos Santos
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-10-01
Series:Vaccine: X
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136225001019
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author Sylvia Iasulaitis
Alan Demetrius Baria Valejo
Leonardo Ribeiro dos Santos
author_facet Sylvia Iasulaitis
Alan Demetrius Baria Valejo
Leonardo Ribeiro dos Santos
author_sort Sylvia Iasulaitis
collection DOAJ
description This study identifies the underlying drivers of vaccine hesitancy by analyzing political factors, perceptions of vaccine safety, socioeconomic characteristics, and communication variables. We created a partisanship score using supervised machine learning algorithms with the random forest method to assess the influence of political orientations on the roots of COVID-19 vaccine rejection attitudes. This score was then tested empirically using sociodemographic data from a public opinion survey conducted with a sample of the Brazilian population. Based on the weight of evidence (WoE), the attribute relevance analysis revealed key characteristics of citizens who rejected the COVID-19 vaccine in Brazil, highlighting perceptions of vaccine safety and political variables. The data showed that citizens more loyal to then-president Jair Bolsonaro, a vocal vaccine skeptic, were less likely to get vaccinated. They also demonstrated higher perceptions of vaccine-related risks and were more prone to believing in conspiracy theories and misinformation surrounding the vaccine. The methodology developed in this study can be applied to other populations globally to better understand the roots of anti-vaccine attitudes, particularly the influence of political factors.
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series Vaccine: X
spelling doaj-art-8f0ea4a69f244ecfa5552e156a2f9f1c2025-08-22T04:57:28ZengElsevierVaccine: X2590-13622025-10-012610070710.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100707The influence of partisanship on the roots of anti-vaccine attitudes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemicSylvia Iasulaitis0Alan Demetrius Baria Valejo1Leonardo Ribeiro dos Santos2Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Research Fellow, Liverpool Hope University, São Paulo, Brazil; Corresponding author.Departamento de Computação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Estatística pela Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, BrazilThis study identifies the underlying drivers of vaccine hesitancy by analyzing political factors, perceptions of vaccine safety, socioeconomic characteristics, and communication variables. We created a partisanship score using supervised machine learning algorithms with the random forest method to assess the influence of political orientations on the roots of COVID-19 vaccine rejection attitudes. This score was then tested empirically using sociodemographic data from a public opinion survey conducted with a sample of the Brazilian population. Based on the weight of evidence (WoE), the attribute relevance analysis revealed key characteristics of citizens who rejected the COVID-19 vaccine in Brazil, highlighting perceptions of vaccine safety and political variables. The data showed that citizens more loyal to then-president Jair Bolsonaro, a vocal vaccine skeptic, were less likely to get vaccinated. They also demonstrated higher perceptions of vaccine-related risks and were more prone to believing in conspiracy theories and misinformation surrounding the vaccine. The methodology developed in this study can be applied to other populations globally to better understand the roots of anti-vaccine attitudes, particularly the influence of political factors.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136225001019Vaccine hesitancyAnti-vaccine attitudesCOVID-19PartisanshipSupervised machine learning
spellingShingle Sylvia Iasulaitis
Alan Demetrius Baria Valejo
Leonardo Ribeiro dos Santos
The influence of partisanship on the roots of anti-vaccine attitudes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Vaccine: X
Vaccine hesitancy
Anti-vaccine attitudes
COVID-19
Partisanship
Supervised machine learning
title The influence of partisanship on the roots of anti-vaccine attitudes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
title_full The influence of partisanship on the roots of anti-vaccine attitudes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
title_fullStr The influence of partisanship on the roots of anti-vaccine attitudes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
title_full_unstemmed The influence of partisanship on the roots of anti-vaccine attitudes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
title_short The influence of partisanship on the roots of anti-vaccine attitudes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
title_sort influence of partisanship on the roots of anti vaccine attitudes in the context of the covid 19 pandemic
topic Vaccine hesitancy
Anti-vaccine attitudes
COVID-19
Partisanship
Supervised machine learning
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136225001019
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