The Solar Neighborhood. LII. M Dwarf Twin Binaries—Presumed Identical Twins Appear Fraternal in Variability, Rotation, Hα, and X-Rays
We present an investigation into the rotation and stellar activity of four fully convective M dwarf “twin” wide binaries. Components in each pair have (1) astrometry confirming they are common-proper-motion binaries, (2) Gaia BP, RP, and 2MASS J , H , and K _s magnitudes matching within 0.10 mag, an...
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IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | The Astronomical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad9252 |
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| author | Andrew A. Couperus Todd J. Henry Rachel A. Osten Wei-Chun Jao Eliot Halley Vrijmoet Aman Kar Elliott Horch |
| author_facet | Andrew A. Couperus Todd J. Henry Rachel A. Osten Wei-Chun Jao Eliot Halley Vrijmoet Aman Kar Elliott Horch |
| author_sort | Andrew A. Couperus |
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| description | We present an investigation into the rotation and stellar activity of four fully convective M dwarf “twin” wide binaries. Components in each pair have (1) astrometry confirming they are common-proper-motion binaries, (2) Gaia BP, RP, and 2MASS J , H , and K _s magnitudes matching within 0.10 mag, and (3) presumably the same age and composition. We report long-term photometry, rotation periods, multiepoch H α equivalent widths, X-ray luminosities, time series radial velocities, and speckle observations for all components. Although it might be expected for the twin components to have matching magnetic attributes, this is not the case. Decade-long photometry of GJ 1183 AB indicates consistently higher spot activity on A than B, a trend matched by A appearing 58% ± 9% stronger in L _X and 26% ± 9% stronger in H α on average—this is despite similar rotation periods of A = 0.86 day and B = 0.68 day, thereby informing the range in activity for otherwise identical and similarly rotating M dwarfs. The young β Pic Moving Group member 2MA 0201+0117 AB displays a consistently more active B component that is 3.6 ± 0.5 times stronger in L _X and 52% ± 19% stronger in H α on average, with distinct rotation at A = 6.01 days and B = 3.30 days. Finally, NLTT 44989 AB displays remarkable differences with implications for spindown evolution—B has sustained H α emission while A shows absorption, and B is ≥39 ± 4 times stronger in L _X , presumably stemming from the surprisingly different rotation periods of A = 38 days and B = 6.55 days. The last system, KX Com, has an unresolved radial velocity companion, and is therefore not a twin system. |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1538-3881 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | The Astronomical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-8f0e67b9d0534b7c8c90706622d85f6a2025-08-20T02:34:42ZengIOP PublishingThe Astronomical Journal1538-38812024-01-0116914110.3847/1538-3881/ad9252The Solar Neighborhood. LII. M Dwarf Twin Binaries—Presumed Identical Twins Appear Fraternal in Variability, Rotation, Hα, and X-RaysAndrew A. Couperus0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9834-5792Todd J. Henry1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9061-2865Rachel A. Osten2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5643-8421Wei-Chun Jao3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0193-2187Eliot Halley Vrijmoet4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1864-6120Aman Kar5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9811-5521Elliott Horch6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2159-1463Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University , Atlanta, GA 30302, USA ; andcoup1@gmail.com; RECONS Institute , Chambersburg, PA 17201, USARECONS Institute , Chambersburg, PA 17201, USASpace Telescope Science Institute , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Center for Astrophysical Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University , Atlanta, GA 30302, USA ; andcoup1@gmail.comRECONS Institute , Chambersburg, PA 17201, USA; Five College Astronomy Department, Smith College , Northampton, MA 01063, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University , Atlanta, GA 30302, USA ; andcoup1@gmail.com; RECONS Institute , Chambersburg, PA 17201, USADepartment of Physics, Southern Connecticut State University , New Haven, CT 06515, USAWe present an investigation into the rotation and stellar activity of four fully convective M dwarf “twin” wide binaries. Components in each pair have (1) astrometry confirming they are common-proper-motion binaries, (2) Gaia BP, RP, and 2MASS J , H , and K _s magnitudes matching within 0.10 mag, and (3) presumably the same age and composition. We report long-term photometry, rotation periods, multiepoch H α equivalent widths, X-ray luminosities, time series radial velocities, and speckle observations for all components. Although it might be expected for the twin components to have matching magnetic attributes, this is not the case. Decade-long photometry of GJ 1183 AB indicates consistently higher spot activity on A than B, a trend matched by A appearing 58% ± 9% stronger in L _X and 26% ± 9% stronger in H α on average—this is despite similar rotation periods of A = 0.86 day and B = 0.68 day, thereby informing the range in activity for otherwise identical and similarly rotating M dwarfs. The young β Pic Moving Group member 2MA 0201+0117 AB displays a consistently more active B component that is 3.6 ± 0.5 times stronger in L _X and 52% ± 19% stronger in H α on average, with distinct rotation at A = 6.01 days and B = 3.30 days. Finally, NLTT 44989 AB displays remarkable differences with implications for spindown evolution—B has sustained H α emission while A shows absorption, and B is ≥39 ± 4 times stronger in L _X , presumably stemming from the surprisingly different rotation periods of A = 38 days and B = 6.55 days. The last system, KX Com, has an unresolved radial velocity companion, and is therefore not a twin system.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad9252M dwarf starsMagnetic variable starsStellar activityStellar evolutionStellar rotationWide binary stars |
| spellingShingle | Andrew A. Couperus Todd J. Henry Rachel A. Osten Wei-Chun Jao Eliot Halley Vrijmoet Aman Kar Elliott Horch The Solar Neighborhood. LII. M Dwarf Twin Binaries—Presumed Identical Twins Appear Fraternal in Variability, Rotation, Hα, and X-Rays The Astronomical Journal M dwarf stars Magnetic variable stars Stellar activity Stellar evolution Stellar rotation Wide binary stars |
| title | The Solar Neighborhood. LII. M Dwarf Twin Binaries—Presumed Identical Twins Appear Fraternal in Variability, Rotation, Hα, and X-Rays |
| title_full | The Solar Neighborhood. LII. M Dwarf Twin Binaries—Presumed Identical Twins Appear Fraternal in Variability, Rotation, Hα, and X-Rays |
| title_fullStr | The Solar Neighborhood. LII. M Dwarf Twin Binaries—Presumed Identical Twins Appear Fraternal in Variability, Rotation, Hα, and X-Rays |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Solar Neighborhood. LII. M Dwarf Twin Binaries—Presumed Identical Twins Appear Fraternal in Variability, Rotation, Hα, and X-Rays |
| title_short | The Solar Neighborhood. LII. M Dwarf Twin Binaries—Presumed Identical Twins Appear Fraternal in Variability, Rotation, Hα, and X-Rays |
| title_sort | solar neighborhood lii m dwarf twin binaries presumed identical twins appear fraternal in variability rotation hα and x rays |
| topic | M dwarf stars Magnetic variable stars Stellar activity Stellar evolution Stellar rotation Wide binary stars |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad9252 |
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