Energy Consumption of Machine Learning Enhanced Open RAN: A Comprehensive Review

The Open Radio Access Network (RAN) emerges as a revolutionary architecture promising unprecedented levels of openness, flexibility, and intelligence within radio access networks. Central to this innovation is the integration of Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) within the RAN I...

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Main Authors: Xuanyu Liang, Qiao Wang, Ahmed Al-Tahmeesschi, Swarna B. Chetty, David Grace, Hamed Ahmadi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2024-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10552840/
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author Xuanyu Liang
Qiao Wang
Ahmed Al-Tahmeesschi
Swarna B. Chetty
David Grace
Hamed Ahmadi
author_facet Xuanyu Liang
Qiao Wang
Ahmed Al-Tahmeesschi
Swarna B. Chetty
David Grace
Hamed Ahmadi
author_sort Xuanyu Liang
collection DOAJ
description The Open Radio Access Network (RAN) emerges as a revolutionary architecture promising unprecedented levels of openness, flexibility, and intelligence within radio access networks. Central to this innovation is the integration of Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) within the RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC), aimed at optimizing network operations and enhancing control mechanisms. This paper undertakes a thorough examination of Open RAN, particularly focusing on its energy consumption aspects, which are pivotal for ensuring the sustainability of future wireless networks. In this paper, we review and compare Open RAN architecture with previous network architectures. In particular we focus on O-RAN Alliance specifications. Additionally, we explore the deployment of ML across various facets of Open RAN and highlights how to estimate the energy consumption of ML models. Through constructing explicit energy consumption models for key O-RAN components, we provide a granular analysis of their energy profiles. Finally we compare the energy dynamics of O-RAN against traditional RAN architectures, delineating the impact of virtualization and disaggregation on energy efficiency.
format Article
id doaj-art-8f0e0a2035dc4e57a49a87f7f34de7fd
institution DOAJ
issn 2169-3536
language English
publishDate 2024-01-01
publisher IEEE
record_format Article
series IEEE Access
spelling doaj-art-8f0e0a2035dc4e57a49a87f7f34de7fd2025-08-20T02:40:07ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362024-01-0112818898191010.1109/ACCESS.2024.341275810552840Energy Consumption of Machine Learning Enhanced Open RAN: A Comprehensive ReviewXuanyu Liang0https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6661-761XQiao Wang1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1952-4253Ahmed Al-Tahmeesschi2Swarna B. Chetty3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1141-9360David Grace4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4493-7498Hamed Ahmadi5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5508-8757School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, U.KSchool of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, U.KSchool of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, U.KSchool of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, U.KSchool of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, U.KSchool of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, U.KThe Open Radio Access Network (RAN) emerges as a revolutionary architecture promising unprecedented levels of openness, flexibility, and intelligence within radio access networks. Central to this innovation is the integration of Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) within the RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC), aimed at optimizing network operations and enhancing control mechanisms. This paper undertakes a thorough examination of Open RAN, particularly focusing on its energy consumption aspects, which are pivotal for ensuring the sustainability of future wireless networks. In this paper, we review and compare Open RAN architecture with previous network architectures. In particular we focus on O-RAN Alliance specifications. Additionally, we explore the deployment of ML across various facets of Open RAN and highlights how to estimate the energy consumption of ML models. Through constructing explicit energy consumption models for key O-RAN components, we provide a granular analysis of their energy profiles. Finally we compare the energy dynamics of O-RAN against traditional RAN architectures, delineating the impact of virtualization and disaggregation on energy efficiency.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10552840/Open radio access network (Open RAN)energy efficiencymachine learningdisaggregation
spellingShingle Xuanyu Liang
Qiao Wang
Ahmed Al-Tahmeesschi
Swarna B. Chetty
David Grace
Hamed Ahmadi
Energy Consumption of Machine Learning Enhanced Open RAN: A Comprehensive Review
IEEE Access
Open radio access network (Open RAN)
energy efficiency
machine learning
disaggregation
title Energy Consumption of Machine Learning Enhanced Open RAN: A Comprehensive Review
title_full Energy Consumption of Machine Learning Enhanced Open RAN: A Comprehensive Review
title_fullStr Energy Consumption of Machine Learning Enhanced Open RAN: A Comprehensive Review
title_full_unstemmed Energy Consumption of Machine Learning Enhanced Open RAN: A Comprehensive Review
title_short Energy Consumption of Machine Learning Enhanced Open RAN: A Comprehensive Review
title_sort energy consumption of machine learning enhanced open ran a comprehensive review
topic Open radio access network (Open RAN)
energy efficiency
machine learning
disaggregation
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10552840/
work_keys_str_mv AT xuanyuliang energyconsumptionofmachinelearningenhancedopenranacomprehensivereview
AT qiaowang energyconsumptionofmachinelearningenhancedopenranacomprehensivereview
AT ahmedaltahmeesschi energyconsumptionofmachinelearningenhancedopenranacomprehensivereview
AT swarnabchetty energyconsumptionofmachinelearningenhancedopenranacomprehensivereview
AT davidgrace energyconsumptionofmachinelearningenhancedopenranacomprehensivereview
AT hamedahmadi energyconsumptionofmachinelearningenhancedopenranacomprehensivereview