Smoking cessation is a protective factor for lung cancer onset and mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study
Abstract Background Smoking is a pivotal modifiable risk factor for lung cancer (LC). Previous studies have indicated that a smoking cessation program might be incorporated into the LC screening program. However, the effects of smoking cessation and its duration with the age at onset (AAO) of LC, al...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Cancer |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-13475-8 |
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| author | Wei Yin Zhuochen Lin Wei-Jie Gong Wen-Xuan Wang Ying-Ying Zhu Yi-Lin Fu Han Yang Jin-Xin Zhang Peng Lin Ji-Bin Li |
| author_facet | Wei Yin Zhuochen Lin Wei-Jie Gong Wen-Xuan Wang Ying-Ying Zhu Yi-Lin Fu Han Yang Jin-Xin Zhang Peng Lin Ji-Bin Li |
| author_sort | Wei Yin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Smoking is a pivotal modifiable risk factor for lung cancer (LC). Previous studies have indicated that a smoking cessation program might be incorporated into the LC screening program. However, the effects of smoking cessation and its duration with the age at onset (AAO) of LC, all-cause mortality, and LC-specific mortality remain unclear. We aimed to comprehensively investigate the association of smoking cessation-related behaviors on the AAO of LC, LC-specific and all-cause mortality. Methods A total of 2671 smokers with LC as the primary site from the UK Biobank were included in this study, with a 7:3 ratio assigned randomly to a discovery set (n = 1872) and a validation set (n = 799). Generalized linear regression models were used for AAO of LC outcomes and Cox models for mortality outcomes. Results Participants over 60 years old could still benefit from smoking cessation to prolong AAOs (β = 1.613 for men, P = 0.003; β = 1.533 for women, P = 0.018). A cessation duration of > 15 years was associated with a later AAO in men (P < 0.001). Moreover, smoking cessation before 60 years old, especially among those under 40 years, was significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (men: hazard ratio (HR): 0.65 [95% confidence interval 0.51–0.83]; women: 0.62 [0.47–0.83]) and LC-specific mortality (men: 0.67 [0.51–0.87]; women: 0.68 [0.50–0.92]). Compared with continuous smokers, former smokers who quit smoking for more than 15 years had a lower risk of all-cause mortality (men: 0.70 [0.59–0.84]; women: 0.68 [0.56–0.84]) and LC-specific mortality (men: 0.71 [0.59–0.87]; women: 0.69 [0.56–0.86]). Conclusions Smoking cessation after 60 years old may still be helpful for a later AAO of LC. Former smokers who quit smoking for more than 15 years have a reduced risk of developing LC and mortality. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8f0944e644aa4ac9bd3e76e6bed30e82 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2407 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Cancer |
| spelling | doaj-art-8f0944e644aa4ac9bd3e76e6bed30e822025-01-19T12:26:51ZengBMCBMC Cancer1471-24072025-01-0125111210.1186/s12885-025-13475-8Smoking cessation is a protective factor for lung cancer onset and mortality: a population-based prospective cohort studyWei Yin0Zhuochen Lin1Wei-Jie Gong2Wen-Xuan Wang3Ying-Ying Zhu4Yi-Lin Fu5Han Yang6Jin-Xin Zhang7Peng Lin8Ji-Bin Li9Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, GuangzhouDepartment of Medical Records, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityDepartment of Family Medicine, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen UniversitySchool of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityDivision of Clinical Research Design, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversitySchool of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityDepartment of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, GuangzhouSchool of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityDepartment of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, GuangzhouDepartment of Clinical Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, GuangzhouAbstract Background Smoking is a pivotal modifiable risk factor for lung cancer (LC). Previous studies have indicated that a smoking cessation program might be incorporated into the LC screening program. However, the effects of smoking cessation and its duration with the age at onset (AAO) of LC, all-cause mortality, and LC-specific mortality remain unclear. We aimed to comprehensively investigate the association of smoking cessation-related behaviors on the AAO of LC, LC-specific and all-cause mortality. Methods A total of 2671 smokers with LC as the primary site from the UK Biobank were included in this study, with a 7:3 ratio assigned randomly to a discovery set (n = 1872) and a validation set (n = 799). Generalized linear regression models were used for AAO of LC outcomes and Cox models for mortality outcomes. Results Participants over 60 years old could still benefit from smoking cessation to prolong AAOs (β = 1.613 for men, P = 0.003; β = 1.533 for women, P = 0.018). A cessation duration of > 15 years was associated with a later AAO in men (P < 0.001). Moreover, smoking cessation before 60 years old, especially among those under 40 years, was significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (men: hazard ratio (HR): 0.65 [95% confidence interval 0.51–0.83]; women: 0.62 [0.47–0.83]) and LC-specific mortality (men: 0.67 [0.51–0.87]; women: 0.68 [0.50–0.92]). Compared with continuous smokers, former smokers who quit smoking for more than 15 years had a lower risk of all-cause mortality (men: 0.70 [0.59–0.84]; women: 0.68 [0.56–0.84]) and LC-specific mortality (men: 0.71 [0.59–0.87]; women: 0.69 [0.56–0.86]). Conclusions Smoking cessation after 60 years old may still be helpful for a later AAO of LC. Former smokers who quit smoking for more than 15 years have a reduced risk of developing LC and mortality.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-13475-8Lung cancerGenderSmoking cessationAge at onsetMortalityUK Biobank |
| spellingShingle | Wei Yin Zhuochen Lin Wei-Jie Gong Wen-Xuan Wang Ying-Ying Zhu Yi-Lin Fu Han Yang Jin-Xin Zhang Peng Lin Ji-Bin Li Smoking cessation is a protective factor for lung cancer onset and mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study BMC Cancer Lung cancer Gender Smoking cessation Age at onset Mortality UK Biobank |
| title | Smoking cessation is a protective factor for lung cancer onset and mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study |
| title_full | Smoking cessation is a protective factor for lung cancer onset and mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Smoking cessation is a protective factor for lung cancer onset and mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Smoking cessation is a protective factor for lung cancer onset and mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study |
| title_short | Smoking cessation is a protective factor for lung cancer onset and mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study |
| title_sort | smoking cessation is a protective factor for lung cancer onset and mortality a population based prospective cohort study |
| topic | Lung cancer Gender Smoking cessation Age at onset Mortality UK Biobank |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-13475-8 |
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