Simulation of β-induced Alfvén eigenmode instabilities and mode transition for HL-3 hybrid scenario
A kinetic-magnetohydrodynamic hybrid simulation is performed to investigate the Alfvén eigenmode (AE) and fishbone (FB)/FB-like (FBL) instabilities excited by neutral beam injection (NBI)-deposited energetic particles (EPs) in an HL-3 hybrid scenario. The hybrid scenario is characterized by a flat q...
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IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Nuclear Fusion |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad9f82 |
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| author | Yunpeng Zou Vincent S Chan Yasushi Todo Ruirui Ma Miao Xue Xiaoran Zhang Yiren Zhu Wei Chen |
| author_facet | Yunpeng Zou Vincent S Chan Yasushi Todo Ruirui Ma Miao Xue Xiaoran Zhang Yiren Zhu Wei Chen |
| author_sort | Yunpeng Zou |
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| description | A kinetic-magnetohydrodynamic hybrid simulation is performed to investigate the Alfvén eigenmode (AE) and fishbone (FB)/FB-like (FBL) instabilities excited by neutral beam injection (NBI)-deposited energetic particles (EPs) in an HL-3 hybrid scenario. The hybrid scenario is characterized by a flat q -profile in the core due to off-axis electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD). A nonlinear simulation with multiple toroidal mode numbers indicates that the n = 2 β -induced AE (BAE) is excited initially in the linear stage and the n = 1 FB mode has the highest nonlinear saturation level. The EP distribution is modified only slightly in both real and velocity space from its initial state because of a narrow mode structure near the axis. Focusing on the n = 2 mode, sensitivity analysis indicates that mode activity and transition depend on the EP pressure, injected energy, and q -profile. The dominant unstable mode deviates from FBL mode to BAE by raising the EP pressure, and from BAE to toroidicity-induced AE by raising the. NBI injected energy. The mechanism is interpreted through a resonant condition and a corresponding transition threshold is observed. In addition, extending the flat shear region could increase the BAE width, resulting in stronger EP transport. Furthermore, a nonlinear simulation only considering n = 1 and n = 2 modes demonstrates that the low-energy EPs, as intermediates, gain energy from n = 2 mode, which subsequently transfers energy to the n = 1 mode through resonant interaction. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8f04f94907f04b169e4d09f311247f93 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0029-5515 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | Nuclear Fusion |
| spelling | doaj-art-8f04f94907f04b169e4d09f311247f932025-01-07T12:28:45ZengIOP PublishingNuclear Fusion0029-55152025-01-0165202603410.1088/1741-4326/ad9f82Simulation of β-induced Alfvén eigenmode instabilities and mode transition for HL-3 hybrid scenarioYunpeng Zou0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3311-5931Vincent S Chan1Yasushi Todo2Ruirui Ma3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0169-0643Miao Xue4Xiaoran Zhang5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1943-8913Yiren Zhu6Wei Chen7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9382-6295Southwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, ChinaInstitute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , PO Box 1126, Hefei 230031, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, ChinaNational Institute for Fusion Science , Toki 509-5292, JapanSouthwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, ChinaSouthwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, ChinaSchool of Physics, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, ChinaSouthwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, ChinaSouthwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, ChinaA kinetic-magnetohydrodynamic hybrid simulation is performed to investigate the Alfvén eigenmode (AE) and fishbone (FB)/FB-like (FBL) instabilities excited by neutral beam injection (NBI)-deposited energetic particles (EPs) in an HL-3 hybrid scenario. The hybrid scenario is characterized by a flat q -profile in the core due to off-axis electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD). A nonlinear simulation with multiple toroidal mode numbers indicates that the n = 2 β -induced AE (BAE) is excited initially in the linear stage and the n = 1 FB mode has the highest nonlinear saturation level. The EP distribution is modified only slightly in both real and velocity space from its initial state because of a narrow mode structure near the axis. Focusing on the n = 2 mode, sensitivity analysis indicates that mode activity and transition depend on the EP pressure, injected energy, and q -profile. The dominant unstable mode deviates from FBL mode to BAE by raising the EP pressure, and from BAE to toroidicity-induced AE by raising the. NBI injected energy. The mechanism is interpreted through a resonant condition and a corresponding transition threshold is observed. In addition, extending the flat shear region could increase the BAE width, resulting in stronger EP transport. Furthermore, a nonlinear simulation only considering n = 1 and n = 2 modes demonstrates that the low-energy EPs, as intermediates, gain energy from n = 2 mode, which subsequently transfers energy to the n = 1 mode through resonant interaction.https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad9f82Alfvén eigenmodefishbone-like modehybrid scenarioenergetic particle |
| spellingShingle | Yunpeng Zou Vincent S Chan Yasushi Todo Ruirui Ma Miao Xue Xiaoran Zhang Yiren Zhu Wei Chen Simulation of β-induced Alfvén eigenmode instabilities and mode transition for HL-3 hybrid scenario Nuclear Fusion Alfvén eigenmode fishbone-like mode hybrid scenario energetic particle |
| title | Simulation of β-induced Alfvén eigenmode instabilities and mode transition for HL-3 hybrid scenario |
| title_full | Simulation of β-induced Alfvén eigenmode instabilities and mode transition for HL-3 hybrid scenario |
| title_fullStr | Simulation of β-induced Alfvén eigenmode instabilities and mode transition for HL-3 hybrid scenario |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simulation of β-induced Alfvén eigenmode instabilities and mode transition for HL-3 hybrid scenario |
| title_short | Simulation of β-induced Alfvén eigenmode instabilities and mode transition for HL-3 hybrid scenario |
| title_sort | simulation of β induced alfven eigenmode instabilities and mode transition for hl 3 hybrid scenario |
| topic | Alfvén eigenmode fishbone-like mode hybrid scenario energetic particle |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad9f82 |
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