Random Forest-Based Prediction of the Optimal Solid Ink Density in Offset Lithography
Solid ink density is an important control parameter in the manufacturing process of offset prints—the size of which has a significant impact on the color performance of the prints—in which the determination of the optimal solid ink density is critical for the pre-press phase of industrial production...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| author | Laihu Peng Hao Fan Yubao Qi Jianqiang Li |
| author_facet | Laihu Peng Hao Fan Yubao Qi Jianqiang Li |
| author_sort | Laihu Peng |
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| description | Solid ink density is an important control parameter in the manufacturing process of offset prints—the size of which has a significant impact on the color performance of the prints—in which the determination of the optimal solid ink density is critical for the pre-press phase of industrial production. Compared with the traditional method of determining the optimal solid ink density, the current printing equipment used to determine the optimal solid ink density will be faster at improving industrial production efficiency and product quality. To improve the efficiency of determining the optimal solid ink density, the Random Forest algorithm was applied for the first time to the prediction task of solid ink density in offset printing. An optimal solid ink density prediction model for lithographic offset printing is established, and the L*a*b* colorimetric values of CMY three-color prints are used as inputs for training through hyperparameter optimization of the model. The experimental data show that the relevant evaluation metrics MAE, RMSE, MSE, and R<sup>2</sup> of the model are within the reliable range. A comparison between the proposed prediction model and several mainstream machine-learning algorithms indicates that the Random Forest model performs superiorly in both the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) and the mean squared error (MSE). Specifically, the Random Forest model achieved an R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.969, reflecting improvements of 27.5%, 1.89%, 3.8%, and 34.02% compared to artificial neural network, gradient boosting, polynomial regression, and support vector regression models, respectively. In terms of MSE, the model reduced prediction error by 87.1%, 36.2%, 55.4%, and 89.2%, respectively, when compared with the same models. This approach has proven to provide both theoretical support and a practical pathway for enhancing the level of intelligence in pre-press process control, demonstrating significant practical application value. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8f02f4aacdb746668e7f0e4252ceb120 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-8f02f4aacdb746668e7f0e4252ceb1202025-08-20T03:52:56ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-04-01159483010.3390/app15094830Random Forest-Based Prediction of the Optimal Solid Ink Density in Offset LithographyLaihu Peng0Hao Fan1Yubao Qi2Jianqiang Li3College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaCollege of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaCollege of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaCollege of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaSolid ink density is an important control parameter in the manufacturing process of offset prints—the size of which has a significant impact on the color performance of the prints—in which the determination of the optimal solid ink density is critical for the pre-press phase of industrial production. Compared with the traditional method of determining the optimal solid ink density, the current printing equipment used to determine the optimal solid ink density will be faster at improving industrial production efficiency and product quality. To improve the efficiency of determining the optimal solid ink density, the Random Forest algorithm was applied for the first time to the prediction task of solid ink density in offset printing. An optimal solid ink density prediction model for lithographic offset printing is established, and the L*a*b* colorimetric values of CMY three-color prints are used as inputs for training through hyperparameter optimization of the model. The experimental data show that the relevant evaluation metrics MAE, RMSE, MSE, and R<sup>2</sup> of the model are within the reliable range. A comparison between the proposed prediction model and several mainstream machine-learning algorithms indicates that the Random Forest model performs superiorly in both the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) and the mean squared error (MSE). Specifically, the Random Forest model achieved an R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.969, reflecting improvements of 27.5%, 1.89%, 3.8%, and 34.02% compared to artificial neural network, gradient boosting, polynomial regression, and support vector regression models, respectively. In terms of MSE, the model reduced prediction error by 87.1%, 36.2%, 55.4%, and 89.2%, respectively, when compared with the same models. This approach has proven to provide both theoretical support and a practical pathway for enhancing the level of intelligence in pre-press process control, demonstrating significant practical application value.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/4830random forestprint solid ink densitydensity detectionmachine learningprint quality management |
| spellingShingle | Laihu Peng Hao Fan Yubao Qi Jianqiang Li Random Forest-Based Prediction of the Optimal Solid Ink Density in Offset Lithography Applied Sciences random forest print solid ink density density detection machine learning print quality management |
| title | Random Forest-Based Prediction of the Optimal Solid Ink Density in Offset Lithography |
| title_full | Random Forest-Based Prediction of the Optimal Solid Ink Density in Offset Lithography |
| title_fullStr | Random Forest-Based Prediction of the Optimal Solid Ink Density in Offset Lithography |
| title_full_unstemmed | Random Forest-Based Prediction of the Optimal Solid Ink Density in Offset Lithography |
| title_short | Random Forest-Based Prediction of the Optimal Solid Ink Density in Offset Lithography |
| title_sort | random forest based prediction of the optimal solid ink density in offset lithography |
| topic | random forest print solid ink density density detection machine learning print quality management |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/4830 |
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