Socioeconomic and Spatial Determinants of Dog Abandonment and Adoption in the Republic of Korea (2021–2023)

This study examined the socioeconomic and veterinary cost factors influencing dog abandonment and adoption outcomes across 162 regions in the Republic of Korea from 2021 to 2023. Unlike prior research, this study distinguished between intentionally abandoned dogs and those lost and subsequently retu...

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Main Author: HyungChul Rah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Animals
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/11/1613
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author HyungChul Rah
author_facet HyungChul Rah
author_sort HyungChul Rah
collection DOAJ
description This study examined the socioeconomic and veterinary cost factors influencing dog abandonment and adoption outcomes across 162 regions in the Republic of Korea from 2021 to 2023. Unlike prior research, this study distinguished between intentionally abandoned dogs and those lost and subsequently returned to their owners, normalizing abandonment data by population. Using publicly available regional data and spatial regression models, we found that the number of people receiving unemployment benefits was consistently and negatively associated with the number of dog abandonments per 100,000 residents, which was normalized by total population to avoid potential errors. Rabies vaccination costs were also negatively associated with abandonment. In contrast, comprehensive income tax amounts—a proxy for regional wealth—were positively correlated with the percentage of dog abandonments reported in 2021 and 2023. Spatial Lag Models accounted for over 50% of the variance in the number of dog abandonments, confirming spatial dependence and highlighting the importance of geographically targeted animal welfare interventions. However, spatial patterns in adoption were less consistent. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating economic and spatial considerations into the design of public policies and shelter strategies to mitigate dog abandonment and enhance adoption outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-8f013fe21d2e41a68e4e9a221b99a5002025-08-20T02:33:01ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-05-011511161310.3390/ani15111613Socioeconomic and Spatial Determinants of Dog Abandonment and Adoption in the Republic of Korea (2021–2023)HyungChul Rah0Department of Companion Animal and Plant Sciences, College of Future Convergence, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Republic of KoreaThis study examined the socioeconomic and veterinary cost factors influencing dog abandonment and adoption outcomes across 162 regions in the Republic of Korea from 2021 to 2023. Unlike prior research, this study distinguished between intentionally abandoned dogs and those lost and subsequently returned to their owners, normalizing abandonment data by population. Using publicly available regional data and spatial regression models, we found that the number of people receiving unemployment benefits was consistently and negatively associated with the number of dog abandonments per 100,000 residents, which was normalized by total population to avoid potential errors. Rabies vaccination costs were also negatively associated with abandonment. In contrast, comprehensive income tax amounts—a proxy for regional wealth—were positively correlated with the percentage of dog abandonments reported in 2021 and 2023. Spatial Lag Models accounted for over 50% of the variance in the number of dog abandonments, confirming spatial dependence and highlighting the importance of geographically targeted animal welfare interventions. However, spatial patterns in adoption were less consistent. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating economic and spatial considerations into the design of public policies and shelter strategies to mitigate dog abandonment and enhance adoption outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/11/1613dog abandonmentadoptionsocioeconomic factorsveterinary costsspatial dependence
spellingShingle HyungChul Rah
Socioeconomic and Spatial Determinants of Dog Abandonment and Adoption in the Republic of Korea (2021–2023)
Animals
dog abandonment
adoption
socioeconomic factors
veterinary costs
spatial dependence
title Socioeconomic and Spatial Determinants of Dog Abandonment and Adoption in the Republic of Korea (2021–2023)
title_full Socioeconomic and Spatial Determinants of Dog Abandonment and Adoption in the Republic of Korea (2021–2023)
title_fullStr Socioeconomic and Spatial Determinants of Dog Abandonment and Adoption in the Republic of Korea (2021–2023)
title_full_unstemmed Socioeconomic and Spatial Determinants of Dog Abandonment and Adoption in the Republic of Korea (2021–2023)
title_short Socioeconomic and Spatial Determinants of Dog Abandonment and Adoption in the Republic of Korea (2021–2023)
title_sort socioeconomic and spatial determinants of dog abandonment and adoption in the republic of korea 2021 2023
topic dog abandonment
adoption
socioeconomic factors
veterinary costs
spatial dependence
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/11/1613
work_keys_str_mv AT hyungchulrah socioeconomicandspatialdeterminantsofdogabandonmentandadoptionintherepublicofkorea20212023