μPPET: Investigating the Muon Puzzle with J-PET Detectors

μPPET: Investigating the Muon Puzzle with J-PET Detectors

The <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>PPET [mu(<inline-formula><math xmlns="ht...

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Main Authors:	Alessio Porcelli, Kavya Valsan Eliyan, Gabriel Moskal, Nousaba Nasrin Protiti, Diana Laura Sirghi, Ermias Yitayew Beyene, Neha Chug, Catalina Curceanu, Eryk Czerwiński, Manish Das, Marek Gorgol, Jakub Hajduga, Sharareh Jalali, Bożena Jasińska, Krzysztof Kacprzak, Tevfik Kaplanoglu, Łukasz Kapłon, Kamila Kasperska, Aleksander Khreptak, Grzegorz Korcyl, Tomasz Kozik, Deepak Kumar, Karol Kubat, Edward Lisowski, Filip Lisowski, Justyna Mędrala-Sowa, Wiktor Mryka, Simbarashe Moyo, Szymon Niedźwiecki, Szymon Parzych, Piyush Pandey, Elena Perez del Rio, Bartłomiej Rachwał, Martin Rädler, Sushil Sharma, Magdalena Skurzok, Ewa Łucja Stȩpień, Tomasz Szumlak, Pooja Tanty, Keyvan Tayefi Ardebili, Satyam Tiwari, Paweł Moskal
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:	Universe
Subjects:	cosmic rays Muon Puzzle J-PET extensive air showers muons
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/11/6/180
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Summary:	The <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>PPET [mu(<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>)on Probe with J-PET] project aims to investigate the “Muon Puzzle” seen in cosmic ray air showers. This puzzle arises from the observation of a significantly larger number of muons on Earth’s surface than that predicted by the current theoretical models. The investigated hypothesis is based on recently observed asymmetries in the parameters for the strong interaction cross-section and trajectory of an outgoing particle due to projectile–target polarization. The measurements require detailed information about muons at the ground level, including their track and charge distributions. To achieve this, the two PET scanners developed at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow (Poland), the J-PET detectors, will be employed, taking advantage of their well-known resolution and convenient location for detecting muons that reach long depths in the atmosphere. One station will be used as a muon tracker, while the second will reconstruct the core of the air shower. In parallel, the existing hadronic interaction models will be modified and fine-tuned based on the experimental results. In this work, we present the conceptualization and preliminary designs of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>PPET.
ISSN:	2218-1997