Parasites in Sewage: Legal Requirements and Diagnostic Tools
Despite the vast amount of water on Earth, only a small percent is suitable for consumption, and these resources are diminishing. Moreover, water resources are unevenly distributed, leading to significant disparities in access to drinking water between countries and populations. Increasing consumpti...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/1/86 |
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| author | Oliwia Obuch-Woszczatyńska Klaudia Bylińska Małgorzata Krzyżowska Karol Korzekwa Piotr Bąska |
| author_facet | Oliwia Obuch-Woszczatyńska Klaudia Bylińska Małgorzata Krzyżowska Karol Korzekwa Piotr Bąska |
| author_sort | Oliwia Obuch-Woszczatyńska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite the vast amount of water on Earth, only a small percent is suitable for consumption, and these resources are diminishing. Moreover, water resources are unevenly distributed, leading to significant disparities in access to drinking water between countries and populations. Increasing consumption and the expanding human population necessitate the development of novel wastewater treatment technologies and the use of water treatment byproducts in other areas, such as fertilisers. However, water treatment sludge often cannot be used to enhance crop production due to the presence of parasite eggs, particularly from roundworms (Ascaridae family), which are resistant to environmental factors and can pose a threat for several years. Legislation prohibits the use of sludge containing parasite eggs as fertiliser. In some cases, water may not contain parasite eggs but larvae, which require different detection methods. Additionally, the presence of eggs does not necessarily indicate danger since they may lose infectivity due to prolonged storage or exposure to chemical compounds in the sewage. This paper reviews European Union regulations on wastewater treatment, the selected parasitic diseases related to the presence of parasites in wastewater, the spectrum of detection methods, and highlights differences in viability and invasiveness, which is intended to draw attention to the need to determine both biological properties of parasites. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8ee39c6b30f84e61ae1fadc7aba9da14 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj-art-8ee39c6b30f84e61ae1fadc7aba9da142025-01-24T13:44:51ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172025-01-011418610.3390/pathogens14010086Parasites in Sewage: Legal Requirements and Diagnostic ToolsOliwia Obuch-Woszczatyńska0Klaudia Bylińska1Małgorzata Krzyżowska2Karol Korzekwa3Piotr Bąska4Laboratory of Parasitology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-001 Warsaw, PolandLaboratory of Parasitology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-001 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Medical and Environmental Microbiology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-001 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Medical and Environmental Microbiology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-001 Warsaw, PolandLaboratory of Parasitology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-001 Warsaw, PolandDespite the vast amount of water on Earth, only a small percent is suitable for consumption, and these resources are diminishing. Moreover, water resources are unevenly distributed, leading to significant disparities in access to drinking water between countries and populations. Increasing consumption and the expanding human population necessitate the development of novel wastewater treatment technologies and the use of water treatment byproducts in other areas, such as fertilisers. However, water treatment sludge often cannot be used to enhance crop production due to the presence of parasite eggs, particularly from roundworms (Ascaridae family), which are resistant to environmental factors and can pose a threat for several years. Legislation prohibits the use of sludge containing parasite eggs as fertiliser. In some cases, water may not contain parasite eggs but larvae, which require different detection methods. Additionally, the presence of eggs does not necessarily indicate danger since they may lose infectivity due to prolonged storage or exposure to chemical compounds in the sewage. This paper reviews European Union regulations on wastewater treatment, the selected parasitic diseases related to the presence of parasites in wastewater, the spectrum of detection methods, and highlights differences in viability and invasiveness, which is intended to draw attention to the need to determine both biological properties of parasites.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/1/86parasitessewagesinvasivenessroundwormsAscaridaewastewater |
| spellingShingle | Oliwia Obuch-Woszczatyńska Klaudia Bylińska Małgorzata Krzyżowska Karol Korzekwa Piotr Bąska Parasites in Sewage: Legal Requirements and Diagnostic Tools Pathogens parasites sewages invasiveness roundworms Ascaridae wastewater |
| title | Parasites in Sewage: Legal Requirements and Diagnostic Tools |
| title_full | Parasites in Sewage: Legal Requirements and Diagnostic Tools |
| title_fullStr | Parasites in Sewage: Legal Requirements and Diagnostic Tools |
| title_full_unstemmed | Parasites in Sewage: Legal Requirements and Diagnostic Tools |
| title_short | Parasites in Sewage: Legal Requirements and Diagnostic Tools |
| title_sort | parasites in sewage legal requirements and diagnostic tools |
| topic | parasites sewages invasiveness roundworms Ascaridae wastewater |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/1/86 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT oliwiaobuchwoszczatynska parasitesinsewagelegalrequirementsanddiagnostictools AT klaudiabylinska parasitesinsewagelegalrequirementsanddiagnostictools AT małgorzatakrzyzowska parasitesinsewagelegalrequirementsanddiagnostictools AT karolkorzekwa parasitesinsewagelegalrequirementsanddiagnostictools AT piotrbaska parasitesinsewagelegalrequirementsanddiagnostictools |