Source-risk-driver analysis of heavy metal pollution in karst soils: An integrated assessment in eastern Yunnan, China

The fragile karst ecosystems in eastern Yunnan are confronting severe challenges from soil metallic pollutants (SMPs). This study innovatively constructs a “Source-Risk-Driver” (SRD) framework to systematically unravel the dynamics of SMP contamination through three dimensions: source identification...

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Main Authors: Sijing Sun, Junlei Wang, Liyuan Mu, Shiqi Peng, Ao Li, Naiming Zhang, Li Bao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Ecological Indicators
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X25006296
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author Sijing Sun
Junlei Wang
Liyuan Mu
Shiqi Peng
Ao Li
Naiming Zhang
Li Bao
author_facet Sijing Sun
Junlei Wang
Liyuan Mu
Shiqi Peng
Ao Li
Naiming Zhang
Li Bao
author_sort Sijing Sun
collection DOAJ
description The fragile karst ecosystems in eastern Yunnan are confronting severe challenges from soil metallic pollutants (SMPs). This study innovatively constructs a “Source-Risk-Driver” (SRD) framework to systematically unravel the dynamics of SMP contamination through three dimensions: source identification, risk quantification, and driver prioritization. By integrating pollution indices, positive matrix factorization (PMF), and Geodetector models, a multidimensional analysis was conducted on six SMPs in the region. Key findings include: (1) SMPs originate from the interplay between karst geological processes (e.g., carbonate weathering) and anthropogenic activities (agricultural inputs, industrial emissions, and transportation). PMF source apportionment revealed that 17.9% of the pollution load stems from agro-natural synergistic sources. (2) The Natural-Agricultural Composite Source dominated ecological risks (contribution rate: 77.17%), primarily driven by cadmium. (3) Geodetector quantification identified SMP concentration gradients, socioeconomic pressures (GDP and population density), and climatic stressors (temperature and evapotranspiration) as the primary drivers of risk spatial differentiation. The SRD framework elucidates, for the first time, the cascading linkages from pollution sources to risk manifestation and their socio-environmental drivers in karst regions. This provides a theoretical basis for implementing source-oriented control strategies (e.g., prioritizing agro-natural synergistic source management) and establishing cross-sectoral governance frameworks (e.g., reconciling mineral exploitation with ecological conservation policies).
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spelling doaj-art-8eddfe0035c4462e9baa66e4c6339bbc2025-08-20T02:07:31ZengElsevierEcological Indicators1470-160X2025-07-0117611369910.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113699Source-risk-driver analysis of heavy metal pollution in karst soils: An integrated assessment in eastern Yunnan, ChinaSijing Sun0Junlei Wang1Liyuan Mu2Shiqi Peng3Ao Li4Naiming Zhang5Li Bao6Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Soil Fertilization and Pollution Remediation, Kunming 650000, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650000, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Soil Fertilization and Pollution Remediation, Kunming 650000, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650000, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Soil Fertilization and Pollution Remediation, Kunming 650000, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650000, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Soil Fertilization and Pollution Remediation, Kunming 650000, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650000, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Soil Fertilization and Pollution Remediation, Kunming 650000, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650000, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Soil Fertilization and Pollution Remediation, Kunming 650000, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650000, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Soil Fertilization and Pollution Remediation, Kunming 650000, China; Corresponding author.The fragile karst ecosystems in eastern Yunnan are confronting severe challenges from soil metallic pollutants (SMPs). This study innovatively constructs a “Source-Risk-Driver” (SRD) framework to systematically unravel the dynamics of SMP contamination through three dimensions: source identification, risk quantification, and driver prioritization. By integrating pollution indices, positive matrix factorization (PMF), and Geodetector models, a multidimensional analysis was conducted on six SMPs in the region. Key findings include: (1) SMPs originate from the interplay between karst geological processes (e.g., carbonate weathering) and anthropogenic activities (agricultural inputs, industrial emissions, and transportation). PMF source apportionment revealed that 17.9% of the pollution load stems from agro-natural synergistic sources. (2) The Natural-Agricultural Composite Source dominated ecological risks (contribution rate: 77.17%), primarily driven by cadmium. (3) Geodetector quantification identified SMP concentration gradients, socioeconomic pressures (GDP and population density), and climatic stressors (temperature and evapotranspiration) as the primary drivers of risk spatial differentiation. The SRD framework elucidates, for the first time, the cascading linkages from pollution sources to risk manifestation and their socio-environmental drivers in karst regions. This provides a theoretical basis for implementing source-oriented control strategies (e.g., prioritizing agro-natural synergistic source management) and establishing cross-sectoral governance frameworks (e.g., reconciling mineral exploitation with ecological conservation policies).http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X25006296KarstSoil metallic pollutantsSource analysisRisk AssessmentDriver Factor
spellingShingle Sijing Sun
Junlei Wang
Liyuan Mu
Shiqi Peng
Ao Li
Naiming Zhang
Li Bao
Source-risk-driver analysis of heavy metal pollution in karst soils: An integrated assessment in eastern Yunnan, China
Ecological Indicators
Karst
Soil metallic pollutants
Source analysis
Risk Assessment
Driver Factor
title Source-risk-driver analysis of heavy metal pollution in karst soils: An integrated assessment in eastern Yunnan, China
title_full Source-risk-driver analysis of heavy metal pollution in karst soils: An integrated assessment in eastern Yunnan, China
title_fullStr Source-risk-driver analysis of heavy metal pollution in karst soils: An integrated assessment in eastern Yunnan, China
title_full_unstemmed Source-risk-driver analysis of heavy metal pollution in karst soils: An integrated assessment in eastern Yunnan, China
title_short Source-risk-driver analysis of heavy metal pollution in karst soils: An integrated assessment in eastern Yunnan, China
title_sort source risk driver analysis of heavy metal pollution in karst soils an integrated assessment in eastern yunnan china
topic Karst
Soil metallic pollutants
Source analysis
Risk Assessment
Driver Factor
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X25006296
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