Rhythm or symmetry? What matters more in flamenco footwork?
Background: Music, rhythm, symmetry, and body awareness are important aspects of dancing training. Flamenco dancers not only mark and accentuate the rhythm, but they produce the rhythm through the footwork (zapateado). The main purpose of this study was to determine whether the rhythm tapped by the...
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Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego im. Bronisława Czecha w Krakowie
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences |
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| Online Access: | http://jkes.eu/gicid/01.3001.0016.0121 |
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| author | Wanda Forczek-Karkosz Robert Michnik Katarzyna Nowakowska-Lipiec Alfonso Vargas Macías Irene Baena Chicón Sebastián Gómez Lozano Joanna Gorwa |
| author_facet | Wanda Forczek-Karkosz Robert Michnik Katarzyna Nowakowska-Lipiec Alfonso Vargas Macías Irene Baena Chicón Sebastián Gómez Lozano Joanna Gorwa |
| author_sort | Wanda Forczek-Karkosz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Music, rhythm, symmetry, and body awareness are important aspects of dancing training. Flamenco dancers not only mark and accentuate the rhythm, but they produce the rhythm through the footwork (zapateado). The main purpose of this study was to determine whether the rhythm tapped by the flamenco dancer’s feet occurs with the symmetry in the lower limb movements. Methods: The zapateado (ZAP-3) technique sequence based on 30 cycles composed of six repeating sequences of taps performed with right and left feet was analyzed. Movement kinematics was recorded using a 3D motion system. The following parameters were analyzed: time of subsequent ZAP-3 cycles, time of successive taps of the feet in the cycle, joint angular changes throughout the cycle, and lower limb joint angles at the time when the tap was performed. Results: Temporal parameters within the cycles of the ZAP-3 test revealed small variability (coefficient of variation up to 5.05% for the right and left lower limbs for a single cycle) and high symmetry (symmetry index did not exceed 3% for a single cycle), which indicates the rhythmicity of the flamenco test. Furthermore,the kinematic analysis revealed a lack of perfect symmetry in the movements performed by both lower limbs. This allows a flamenco dancer to have room for individual interpretation or improvisation so important in flamenco. It seems that rhythm plays a more important role in flamenco footwork than movement symmetry. Conclusion: Rhythm plays a more important role in flamenco footwork than movement symmetry. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8ed5fb7f6b3c413ea59e83d11c6f804e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2956-4581 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego im. Bronisława Czecha w Krakowie |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-8ed5fb7f6b3c413ea59e83d11c6f804e2025-08-20T03:44:33ZengAkademia Wychowania Fizycznego im. Bronisława Czecha w KrakowieJournal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences2956-45812022-09-013299354610.5604/01.3001.0016.012101.3001.0016.0121Rhythm or symmetry? What matters more in flamenco footwork?Wanda Forczek-Karkosz0Robert Michnik1Katarzyna Nowakowska-Lipiec2Alfonso Vargas Macías3Irene Baena Chicón4Sebastián Gómez Lozano5Joanna Gorwa6Department of Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow, PolandDepartment of Biomechatronics, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Zabrze, PolandDepartment of Biomechatronics, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Zabrze, PolandTelethusa Centre for Flamenco Research, Cádiz, SpainPerforming Arts Research Group, Pepa Flores Professional Dance Conservatory, Málaga, SpainPerforming Arts Research Group, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, SpainDepartment of Biomechanics, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, PolandBackground: Music, rhythm, symmetry, and body awareness are important aspects of dancing training. Flamenco dancers not only mark and accentuate the rhythm, but they produce the rhythm through the footwork (zapateado). The main purpose of this study was to determine whether the rhythm tapped by the flamenco dancer’s feet occurs with the symmetry in the lower limb movements. Methods: The zapateado (ZAP-3) technique sequence based on 30 cycles composed of six repeating sequences of taps performed with right and left feet was analyzed. Movement kinematics was recorded using a 3D motion system. The following parameters were analyzed: time of subsequent ZAP-3 cycles, time of successive taps of the feet in the cycle, joint angular changes throughout the cycle, and lower limb joint angles at the time when the tap was performed. Results: Temporal parameters within the cycles of the ZAP-3 test revealed small variability (coefficient of variation up to 5.05% for the right and left lower limbs for a single cycle) and high symmetry (symmetry index did not exceed 3% for a single cycle), which indicates the rhythmicity of the flamenco test. Furthermore,the kinematic analysis revealed a lack of perfect symmetry in the movements performed by both lower limbs. This allows a flamenco dancer to have room for individual interpretation or improvisation so important in flamenco. It seems that rhythm plays a more important role in flamenco footwork than movement symmetry. Conclusion: Rhythm plays a more important role in flamenco footwork than movement symmetry.http://jkes.eu/gicid/01.3001.0016.0121flamencozapateadosymmetryrhythm |
| spellingShingle | Wanda Forczek-Karkosz Robert Michnik Katarzyna Nowakowska-Lipiec Alfonso Vargas Macías Irene Baena Chicón Sebastián Gómez Lozano Joanna Gorwa Rhythm or symmetry? What matters more in flamenco footwork? Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences flamenco zapateado symmetry rhythm |
| title | Rhythm or symmetry? What matters more in flamenco footwork? |
| title_full | Rhythm or symmetry? What matters more in flamenco footwork? |
| title_fullStr | Rhythm or symmetry? What matters more in flamenco footwork? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rhythm or symmetry? What matters more in flamenco footwork? |
| title_short | Rhythm or symmetry? What matters more in flamenco footwork? |
| title_sort | rhythm or symmetry what matters more in flamenco footwork |
| topic | flamenco zapateado symmetry rhythm |
| url | http://jkes.eu/gicid/01.3001.0016.0121 |
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