JWST Coronagraphic Images of 14 Her c: A Cold Giant Planet in a Dynamically Hot Multiplanet System

Most observed multiplanet systems are coplanar, in a dynamically “cold” configuration of concentric orbits like our own solar system. With the James Webb Space Telescope, we have detected 14 Her c, the first mature and cold exoplanet directly imaged in a dynamically “hot” multiplanet system. With la...

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Main Authors: Daniella C. Bardalez Gagliuffi, William O. Balmer, Laurent Pueyo, Timothy D. Brandt, Mark R. Giovinazzi, Sarah Millholland, Brennen Black, Tiger Lu, Malena Rice, James Mang, Caroline Morley, Brianna Lacy, Julien H. Girard, Elisabeth C. Matthews, Aarynn L. Carter, Brendan P. Bowler, Jacqueline K. Faherty, Clemence Fontanive, Emily Rickman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ade30f
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author Daniella C. Bardalez Gagliuffi
William O. Balmer
Laurent Pueyo
Timothy D. Brandt
Mark R. Giovinazzi
Sarah Millholland
Brennen Black
Tiger Lu
Malena Rice
James Mang
Caroline Morley
Brianna Lacy
Julien H. Girard
Elisabeth C. Matthews
Aarynn L. Carter
Brendan P. Bowler
Jacqueline K. Faherty
Clemence Fontanive
Emily Rickman
author_facet Daniella C. Bardalez Gagliuffi
William O. Balmer
Laurent Pueyo
Timothy D. Brandt
Mark R. Giovinazzi
Sarah Millholland
Brennen Black
Tiger Lu
Malena Rice
James Mang
Caroline Morley
Brianna Lacy
Julien H. Girard
Elisabeth C. Matthews
Aarynn L. Carter
Brendan P. Bowler
Jacqueline K. Faherty
Clemence Fontanive
Emily Rickman
author_sort Daniella C. Bardalez Gagliuffi
collection DOAJ
description Most observed multiplanet systems are coplanar, in a dynamically “cold” configuration of concentric orbits like our own solar system. With the James Webb Space Telescope, we have detected 14 Her c, the first mature and cold exoplanet directly imaged in a dynamically “hot” multiplanet system. With large eccentricities and a nonzero mutual inclination, the present-day architecture of this system points to a turbulent past and ongoing angular momentum exchange between the planetary orbits of 14 Her b and c. The temperature of 14 Her c rivals both the coldest imaged exoplanet and the coldest known brown dwarf. Moreover, its photometry at 4.4 μ m is consistent with the presence of carbon disequilibrium chemistry and water-ice clouds in its atmosphere. 14 Her c presents a unique laboratory to study giant planet formation, the dynamical evolution of multiplanet system architectures, and atmospheric composition and dynamics in extremely cold worlds.
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spelling doaj-art-8ecedd72a21e48c1b11adeddd3222b212025-08-20T02:46:54ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052025-01-019881L1810.3847/2041-8213/ade30fJWST Coronagraphic Images of 14 Her c: A Cold Giant Planet in a Dynamically Hot Multiplanet SystemDaniella C. Bardalez Gagliuffi0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-7072William O. Balmer1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6396-8439Laurent Pueyo2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3818-408XTimothy D. Brandt3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2630-8073Mark R. Giovinazzi4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0078-5288Sarah Millholland5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3130-2282Brennen Black6Tiger Lu7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0834-8645Malena Rice8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7670-670XJames Mang9https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5864-9599Caroline Morley10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4404-0456Brianna Lacy11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9420-4455Julien H. Girard12https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8627-0404Elisabeth C. Matthews13https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0593-1560Aarynn L. Carter14https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5365-4815Brendan P. Bowler15https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2649-2288Jacqueline K. Faherty16https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6251-0573Clemence Fontanive17https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2428-9932Emily Rickman18https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4203-9715Amherst College, Department of Physics & Astronomy, 25 East Drive, Amherst, MA 01002, USA ; dbardalezgagliuffi@amherst.edu; American Museum of Natural History, Department of Astrophysics , 200 Central Park West, New York, NY 10024, USADepartment of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA ; wbalmer1@jhu.edu; Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USASpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USASpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USAAmherst College, Department of Physics & Astronomy, 25 East Drive, Amherst, MA 01002, USA ; dbardalezgagliuffi@amherst.eduDepartment of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USADepartment of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USADepartment of Astronomy, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06511, USADepartment of Astronomy, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06511, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78712, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78712, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Bay Area Environmental Research Institute + NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035, USASpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USAMax-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , D-69117 Heidelberg, GermanySpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USADepartment of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USAAmerican Museum of Natural History, Department of Astrophysics , 200 Central Park West, New York, NY 10024, USAInstitute for Research on Exoplanets, University of Montréal , Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, CanadaEuropean Space Agency (ESA) , ESA Office, Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USAMost observed multiplanet systems are coplanar, in a dynamically “cold” configuration of concentric orbits like our own solar system. With the James Webb Space Telescope, we have detected 14 Her c, the first mature and cold exoplanet directly imaged in a dynamically “hot” multiplanet system. With large eccentricities and a nonzero mutual inclination, the present-day architecture of this system points to a turbulent past and ongoing angular momentum exchange between the planetary orbits of 14 Her b and c. The temperature of 14 Her c rivals both the coldest imaged exoplanet and the coldest known brown dwarf. Moreover, its photometry at 4.4 μ m is consistent with the presence of carbon disequilibrium chemistry and water-ice clouds in its atmosphere. 14 Her c presents a unique laboratory to study giant planet formation, the dynamical evolution of multiplanet system architectures, and atmospheric composition and dynamics in extremely cold worlds.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ade30fJames Webb Space TelescopeExoplanetsExtrasolar gaseous giant planetsDirect imagingExoplanet dynamicsExoplanet atmospheres
spellingShingle Daniella C. Bardalez Gagliuffi
William O. Balmer
Laurent Pueyo
Timothy D. Brandt
Mark R. Giovinazzi
Sarah Millholland
Brennen Black
Tiger Lu
Malena Rice
James Mang
Caroline Morley
Brianna Lacy
Julien H. Girard
Elisabeth C. Matthews
Aarynn L. Carter
Brendan P. Bowler
Jacqueline K. Faherty
Clemence Fontanive
Emily Rickman
JWST Coronagraphic Images of 14 Her c: A Cold Giant Planet in a Dynamically Hot Multiplanet System
The Astrophysical Journal Letters
James Webb Space Telescope
Exoplanets
Extrasolar gaseous giant planets
Direct imaging
Exoplanet dynamics
Exoplanet atmospheres
title JWST Coronagraphic Images of 14 Her c: A Cold Giant Planet in a Dynamically Hot Multiplanet System
title_full JWST Coronagraphic Images of 14 Her c: A Cold Giant Planet in a Dynamically Hot Multiplanet System
title_fullStr JWST Coronagraphic Images of 14 Her c: A Cold Giant Planet in a Dynamically Hot Multiplanet System
title_full_unstemmed JWST Coronagraphic Images of 14 Her c: A Cold Giant Planet in a Dynamically Hot Multiplanet System
title_short JWST Coronagraphic Images of 14 Her c: A Cold Giant Planet in a Dynamically Hot Multiplanet System
title_sort jwst coronagraphic images of 14 her c a cold giant planet in a dynamically hot multiplanet system
topic James Webb Space Telescope
Exoplanets
Extrasolar gaseous giant planets
Direct imaging
Exoplanet dynamics
Exoplanet atmospheres
url https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ade30f
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