Are the Risk Factors for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Retinopathy of Prematurity in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants the Same?

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) affect the prognosis of preterm infants, and their coexistence is a risk factor for poor long-term outcomes in very low-birth-weight infants. However, there has been limited in-depth asses...

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Main Authors: Hui Wu, Juan Zhang, Jing Zhang, Yanhong Yu, Hua Zhang, Tongyan Han
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Children
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/4/509
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author Hui Wu
Juan Zhang
Jing Zhang
Yanhong Yu
Hua Zhang
Tongyan Han
author_facet Hui Wu
Juan Zhang
Jing Zhang
Yanhong Yu
Hua Zhang
Tongyan Han
author_sort Hui Wu
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objectives</b>: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) affect the prognosis of preterm infants, and their coexistence is a risk factor for poor long-term outcomes in very low-birth-weight infants. However, there has been limited in-depth assessment of common and independent risk factors for BPD and ROP within the same cohort. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the risk factors for BPD and ROP in very low-birth-weight infants born at ≤32 weeks of gestation and to explore the interaction between these two diseases. <b>Methods</b>: The participants were divided into four groups: BPD+ROP+, BPD-ROP-, BPD+ROP-, and BPD-ROP+. Gestational age, birth weight, maternal pregnancy complications, birth and postnatal diseases, and treatment conditions were compared among the groups. Subsequently, univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the independent risk factors for BPD and ROP. <b>Results</b>: Common risk factors of BPD and ROP included gestational age and prolonged oxygen therapy. The multivariate analysis revealed that gestational age (OR: 4.44; 95% CI: 3–6.57), intubation resuscitation (OR: 2.35; 95% CI: 1.09–5.05), mechanical ventilation duration ≥ 7 days (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.01–1.01), and prolonged total oxygen therapy (OR: 3.13; 95% CI: 1.28–7.64) were independent risk factors for BPD. Additionally, gestational age (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.54–0.81) and prolonged oxygen therapy (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1–1.03) were independent risk factors for ROP. <b>Conclusions</b>: The proper control of the duration and concentration of oxygen therapy, along with the minimization of mechanical ventilation time, is crucial for reducing the incidence of both BPD and ROP.
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spelling doaj-art-8ecb97396c9b49f2ac1b170725cd487b2025-08-20T02:28:27ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672025-04-0112450910.3390/children12040509Are the Risk Factors for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Retinopathy of Prematurity in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants the Same?Hui Wu0Juan Zhang1Jing Zhang2Yanhong Yu3Hua Zhang4Tongyan Han5Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, ChinaDepartment of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, ChinaDepartment of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, ChinaDepartment of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, ChinaDepartment of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, ChinaDepartment of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) affect the prognosis of preterm infants, and their coexistence is a risk factor for poor long-term outcomes in very low-birth-weight infants. However, there has been limited in-depth assessment of common and independent risk factors for BPD and ROP within the same cohort. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the risk factors for BPD and ROP in very low-birth-weight infants born at ≤32 weeks of gestation and to explore the interaction between these two diseases. <b>Methods</b>: The participants were divided into four groups: BPD+ROP+, BPD-ROP-, BPD+ROP-, and BPD-ROP+. Gestational age, birth weight, maternal pregnancy complications, birth and postnatal diseases, and treatment conditions were compared among the groups. Subsequently, univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the independent risk factors for BPD and ROP. <b>Results</b>: Common risk factors of BPD and ROP included gestational age and prolonged oxygen therapy. The multivariate analysis revealed that gestational age (OR: 4.44; 95% CI: 3–6.57), intubation resuscitation (OR: 2.35; 95% CI: 1.09–5.05), mechanical ventilation duration ≥ 7 days (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.01–1.01), and prolonged total oxygen therapy (OR: 3.13; 95% CI: 1.28–7.64) were independent risk factors for BPD. Additionally, gestational age (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.54–0.81) and prolonged oxygen therapy (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1–1.03) were independent risk factors for ROP. <b>Conclusions</b>: The proper control of the duration and concentration of oxygen therapy, along with the minimization of mechanical ventilation time, is crucial for reducing the incidence of both BPD and ROP.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/4/509bronchopulmonary dysplasiaoxygen therapyrisk factorsretinopathy of prematurityvery low birth weight
spellingShingle Hui Wu
Juan Zhang
Jing Zhang
Yanhong Yu
Hua Zhang
Tongyan Han
Are the Risk Factors for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Retinopathy of Prematurity in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants the Same?
Children
bronchopulmonary dysplasia
oxygen therapy
risk factors
retinopathy of prematurity
very low birth weight
title Are the Risk Factors for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Retinopathy of Prematurity in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants the Same?
title_full Are the Risk Factors for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Retinopathy of Prematurity in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants the Same?
title_fullStr Are the Risk Factors for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Retinopathy of Prematurity in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants the Same?
title_full_unstemmed Are the Risk Factors for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Retinopathy of Prematurity in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants the Same?
title_short Are the Risk Factors for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Retinopathy of Prematurity in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants the Same?
title_sort are the risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants the same
topic bronchopulmonary dysplasia
oxygen therapy
risk factors
retinopathy of prematurity
very low birth weight
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/4/509
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