The crucial role of metabolic reprogramming in driving macrophage conversion in kidney disease

Abstract Interstitial fibrosis after acute kidney injury is an ongoing pathological process of chronic inflammatory injury and repair. Macrophages participate in renal inflammation, repair and fibrosis by continuously changing their phenotype and function. The tissue microenvironment of kidney injur...

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Main Authors: Na Gong, Wenjuan Wang, Yifei Fu, Xumin Zheng, Xinru Guo, Yuhao Chen, Yan Chen, Shengchun Zheng, Guangyan Cai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s11658-025-00746-2
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author Na Gong
Wenjuan Wang
Yifei Fu
Xumin Zheng
Xinru Guo
Yuhao Chen
Yan Chen
Shengchun Zheng
Guangyan Cai
author_facet Na Gong
Wenjuan Wang
Yifei Fu
Xumin Zheng
Xinru Guo
Yuhao Chen
Yan Chen
Shengchun Zheng
Guangyan Cai
author_sort Na Gong
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Interstitial fibrosis after acute kidney injury is an ongoing pathological process of chronic inflammatory injury and repair. Macrophages participate in renal inflammation, repair and fibrosis by continuously changing their phenotype and function. The tissue microenvironment of kidney injury induces changes in key metabolic enzymes, pathways and metabolites in macrophages, leading to phenotypic and functional conversions, but the detailed mechanisms are unclear. However, in the early phase of acute kidney injury, macrophages shift to a pro-inflammatory role relying on glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways. The tissue microenvironment regulates the suppression of glycolysis-related genes and the up-regulation of oxidative phosphorylation and tricarboxylic acid cycle genes in macrophages, resulting in a gradual shift to an anti-inflammatory phenotype, which is involved in tissue repair and remodelling. In the late stage of injury, if macrophages continue to be overactive, they will be involved in renal fibrosis. The concomitant enhancement of nucleotide and amino acid metabolism, especially arginine and glutamine metabolism, is critical for the macrophage function and phenotypic transition during the above injury process. Macrophage metabolic reprogramming therefore provides new therapeutic targets for intervention in inflammatory injury and interstitial fibrosis in kidney disease.
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issn 1689-1392
language English
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series Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters
spelling doaj-art-8ec2563467cc4389a581e2b48e0fda392025-08-20T03:47:16ZengBMCCellular & Molecular Biology Letters1689-13922025-06-0130113010.1186/s11658-025-00746-2The crucial role of metabolic reprogramming in driving macrophage conversion in kidney diseaseNa Gong0Wenjuan Wang1Yifei Fu2Xumin Zheng3Xinru Guo4Yuhao Chen5Yan Chen6Shengchun Zheng7Guangyan Cai8Medical School of Chinese PLADepartment of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Drug Development for Severe Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligent TCM for the Prevention and Treatment of Pan-Vascular Diseases, Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Zyyzdxk-2023310)Medical School of Chinese PLAMedical School of Chinese PLASchool of Medicine, Nankai UniversityMedical School of Chinese PLAMedical School of Chinese PLAMedical School of Chinese PLADepartment of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Drug Development for Severe Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligent TCM for the Prevention and Treatment of Pan-Vascular Diseases, Key Disciplines of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Zyyzdxk-2023310)Abstract Interstitial fibrosis after acute kidney injury is an ongoing pathological process of chronic inflammatory injury and repair. Macrophages participate in renal inflammation, repair and fibrosis by continuously changing their phenotype and function. The tissue microenvironment of kidney injury induces changes in key metabolic enzymes, pathways and metabolites in macrophages, leading to phenotypic and functional conversions, but the detailed mechanisms are unclear. However, in the early phase of acute kidney injury, macrophages shift to a pro-inflammatory role relying on glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways. The tissue microenvironment regulates the suppression of glycolysis-related genes and the up-regulation of oxidative phosphorylation and tricarboxylic acid cycle genes in macrophages, resulting in a gradual shift to an anti-inflammatory phenotype, which is involved in tissue repair and remodelling. In the late stage of injury, if macrophages continue to be overactive, they will be involved in renal fibrosis. The concomitant enhancement of nucleotide and amino acid metabolism, especially arginine and glutamine metabolism, is critical for the macrophage function and phenotypic transition during the above injury process. Macrophage metabolic reprogramming therefore provides new therapeutic targets for intervention in inflammatory injury and interstitial fibrosis in kidney disease.https://doi.org/10.1186/s11658-025-00746-2InflammationInjury and repairKidney fibrosisMacrophagesMetabolic reprogramming
spellingShingle Na Gong
Wenjuan Wang
Yifei Fu
Xumin Zheng
Xinru Guo
Yuhao Chen
Yan Chen
Shengchun Zheng
Guangyan Cai
The crucial role of metabolic reprogramming in driving macrophage conversion in kidney disease
Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters
Inflammation
Injury and repair
Kidney fibrosis
Macrophages
Metabolic reprogramming
title The crucial role of metabolic reprogramming in driving macrophage conversion in kidney disease
title_full The crucial role of metabolic reprogramming in driving macrophage conversion in kidney disease
title_fullStr The crucial role of metabolic reprogramming in driving macrophage conversion in kidney disease
title_full_unstemmed The crucial role of metabolic reprogramming in driving macrophage conversion in kidney disease
title_short The crucial role of metabolic reprogramming in driving macrophage conversion in kidney disease
title_sort crucial role of metabolic reprogramming in driving macrophage conversion in kidney disease
topic Inflammation
Injury and repair
Kidney fibrosis
Macrophages
Metabolic reprogramming
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s11658-025-00746-2
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