The Regulation and Functions of Endogenous Retrovirus in Embryo Development and Stem Cell Differentiation
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are repetitive sequences in the genome, belonging to the retrotransposon family. During the course of life, ERVs are associated with multiple aspects of chromatin and transcriptional regulation in development and pathological conditions. In mammalian embryos, ERVs are...
Saved in:
Main Authors: | , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Wiley
2021-01-01
|
Series: | Stem Cells International |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6660936 |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
_version_ | 1832552867996631040 |
---|---|
author | Yangquan Xiang Hongqing Liang |
author_facet | Yangquan Xiang Hongqing Liang |
author_sort | Yangquan Xiang |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are repetitive sequences in the genome, belonging to the retrotransposon family. During the course of life, ERVs are associated with multiple aspects of chromatin and transcriptional regulation in development and pathological conditions. In mammalian embryos, ERVs are extensively activated in early embryo development, but with a highly restricted spatial-temporal pattern; and they are drastically silenced during differentiation with exceptions in extraembryonic tissue and germlines. The dynamic activation pattern of ERVs raises questions about how ERVs are regulated in the life cycle and whether they are functionally important to cell fate decision during early embryo and somatic cell development. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the pieces of evidence demonstrating regulations and functions of ERVs during stem cell differentiation, which suggests that ERV activation is not a passive result of cell fate transition but the active epigenetic and transcriptional regulation during mammalian development and stem cell differentiation. |
format | Article |
id | doaj-art-8eb8e5e7e678455db3f0b9c93c702d6b |
institution | Kabale University |
issn | 1687-966X 1687-9678 |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
publisher | Wiley |
record_format | Article |
series | Stem Cells International |
spelling | doaj-art-8eb8e5e7e678455db3f0b9c93c702d6b2025-02-03T05:57:35ZengWileyStem Cells International1687-966X1687-96782021-01-01202110.1155/2021/66609366660936The Regulation and Functions of Endogenous Retrovirus in Embryo Development and Stem Cell DifferentiationYangquan Xiang0Hongqing Liang1Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women’s Hospital, and Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaDivision of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women’s Hospital, and Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaEndogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are repetitive sequences in the genome, belonging to the retrotransposon family. During the course of life, ERVs are associated with multiple aspects of chromatin and transcriptional regulation in development and pathological conditions. In mammalian embryos, ERVs are extensively activated in early embryo development, but with a highly restricted spatial-temporal pattern; and they are drastically silenced during differentiation with exceptions in extraembryonic tissue and germlines. The dynamic activation pattern of ERVs raises questions about how ERVs are regulated in the life cycle and whether they are functionally important to cell fate decision during early embryo and somatic cell development. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the pieces of evidence demonstrating regulations and functions of ERVs during stem cell differentiation, which suggests that ERV activation is not a passive result of cell fate transition but the active epigenetic and transcriptional regulation during mammalian development and stem cell differentiation.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6660936 |
spellingShingle | Yangquan Xiang Hongqing Liang The Regulation and Functions of Endogenous Retrovirus in Embryo Development and Stem Cell Differentiation Stem Cells International |
title | The Regulation and Functions of Endogenous Retrovirus in Embryo Development and Stem Cell Differentiation |
title_full | The Regulation and Functions of Endogenous Retrovirus in Embryo Development and Stem Cell Differentiation |
title_fullStr | The Regulation and Functions of Endogenous Retrovirus in Embryo Development and Stem Cell Differentiation |
title_full_unstemmed | The Regulation and Functions of Endogenous Retrovirus in Embryo Development and Stem Cell Differentiation |
title_short | The Regulation and Functions of Endogenous Retrovirus in Embryo Development and Stem Cell Differentiation |
title_sort | regulation and functions of endogenous retrovirus in embryo development and stem cell differentiation |
url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6660936 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT yangquanxiang theregulationandfunctionsofendogenousretrovirusinembryodevelopmentandstemcelldifferentiation AT hongqingliang theregulationandfunctionsofendogenousretrovirusinembryodevelopmentandstemcelldifferentiation AT yangquanxiang regulationandfunctionsofendogenousretrovirusinembryodevelopmentandstemcelldifferentiation AT hongqingliang regulationandfunctionsofendogenousretrovirusinembryodevelopmentandstemcelldifferentiation |