Integrated analysis of direct and proxy genome wide association studies highlights polygenicity of Alzheimer's disease outside of the APOE region.

Recent meta-analyses combining direct genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with those of family history (GWAX) have indicated very low SNP heritability of Alzheimer's disease (AD). These low estimates may call into question the prospects of continued progress in genetic discovery for AD withi...

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Main Authors: Javier de la Fuente, Andrew D Grotzinger, Riccardo E Marioni, Michel G Nivard, Elliot M Tucker-Drob
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2022-06-01
Series:PLoS Genetics
Online Access:https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1010208&type=printable
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author Javier de la Fuente
Andrew D Grotzinger
Riccardo E Marioni
Michel G Nivard
Elliot M Tucker-Drob
author_facet Javier de la Fuente
Andrew D Grotzinger
Riccardo E Marioni
Michel G Nivard
Elliot M Tucker-Drob
author_sort Javier de la Fuente
collection DOAJ
description Recent meta-analyses combining direct genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with those of family history (GWAX) have indicated very low SNP heritability of Alzheimer's disease (AD). These low estimates may call into question the prospects of continued progress in genetic discovery for AD within the spectrum of common variants. We highlight dramatic downward biases in previous methods, and we validate a novel method for the estimation of SNP heritability via integration of GWAS and GWAX summary data. We apply our method to investigate the genetic architecture of AD using GWAX from UK Biobank and direct case-control GWAS from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP). We estimate the liability scale common variant SNP heritability of Clinical AD outside of APOE region at ~7-11%, and we project the corresponding estimate for AD pathology to be up to approximately 23%. We estimate that nearly 90% of common variant SNP heritability of Clinical AD exists outside the APOE region. Rare variants not tagged in standard GWAS may account for additional variance. Our results indicate that, while GWAX for AD in UK Biobank may result in greater attenuation of genetic effects beyond that conventionally assumed, it does not introduce appreciable contamination of signal by genetically distinct traits relative to direct case-control GWAS in IGAP. Genetic risk for AD represents a strong effect of APOE superimposed upon a highly polygenic background.
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spelling doaj-art-8eb6c1e44ff54faea3a7ea2198c62a1d2025-08-20T02:22:20ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Genetics1553-73901553-74042022-06-01186e101020810.1371/journal.pgen.1010208Integrated analysis of direct and proxy genome wide association studies highlights polygenicity of Alzheimer's disease outside of the APOE region.Javier de la FuenteAndrew D GrotzingerRiccardo E MarioniMichel G NivardElliot M Tucker-DrobRecent meta-analyses combining direct genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with those of family history (GWAX) have indicated very low SNP heritability of Alzheimer's disease (AD). These low estimates may call into question the prospects of continued progress in genetic discovery for AD within the spectrum of common variants. We highlight dramatic downward biases in previous methods, and we validate a novel method for the estimation of SNP heritability via integration of GWAS and GWAX summary data. We apply our method to investigate the genetic architecture of AD using GWAX from UK Biobank and direct case-control GWAS from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP). We estimate the liability scale common variant SNP heritability of Clinical AD outside of APOE region at ~7-11%, and we project the corresponding estimate for AD pathology to be up to approximately 23%. We estimate that nearly 90% of common variant SNP heritability of Clinical AD exists outside the APOE region. Rare variants not tagged in standard GWAS may account for additional variance. Our results indicate that, while GWAX for AD in UK Biobank may result in greater attenuation of genetic effects beyond that conventionally assumed, it does not introduce appreciable contamination of signal by genetically distinct traits relative to direct case-control GWAS in IGAP. Genetic risk for AD represents a strong effect of APOE superimposed upon a highly polygenic background.https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1010208&type=printable
spellingShingle Javier de la Fuente
Andrew D Grotzinger
Riccardo E Marioni
Michel G Nivard
Elliot M Tucker-Drob
Integrated analysis of direct and proxy genome wide association studies highlights polygenicity of Alzheimer's disease outside of the APOE region.
PLoS Genetics
title Integrated analysis of direct and proxy genome wide association studies highlights polygenicity of Alzheimer's disease outside of the APOE region.
title_full Integrated analysis of direct and proxy genome wide association studies highlights polygenicity of Alzheimer's disease outside of the APOE region.
title_fullStr Integrated analysis of direct and proxy genome wide association studies highlights polygenicity of Alzheimer's disease outside of the APOE region.
title_full_unstemmed Integrated analysis of direct and proxy genome wide association studies highlights polygenicity of Alzheimer's disease outside of the APOE region.
title_short Integrated analysis of direct and proxy genome wide association studies highlights polygenicity of Alzheimer's disease outside of the APOE region.
title_sort integrated analysis of direct and proxy genome wide association studies highlights polygenicity of alzheimer s disease outside of the apoe region
url https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1010208&type=printable
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