Electronic Nose Analysis of Exhaled Breath Volatile Organic Compound Profiles during Normoxia, Hypoxia, and Hyperoxia

This study investigates volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles in the exhaled breath of normal subjects under different oxygenation conditions—normoxia (FiO2 21%), hypoxia (FiO2 11%), and hyperoxia (FiO2 35%)—using an electronic nose (e-nose). We aim to identify significant differences in VOC prof...

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Main Authors: Pasquale Tondo, Giulia Scioscia, Marcin Di Marco, Vitaliano Nicola Quaranta, Terence Campanino, Giuseppe Palmieri, Andrea Portacci, Andrea Santamato, Donato Lacedonia, Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano, Silvano Dragonieri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-09-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/18/4358
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author Pasquale Tondo
Giulia Scioscia
Marcin Di Marco
Vitaliano Nicola Quaranta
Terence Campanino
Giuseppe Palmieri
Andrea Portacci
Andrea Santamato
Donato Lacedonia
Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano
Silvano Dragonieri
author_facet Pasquale Tondo
Giulia Scioscia
Marcin Di Marco
Vitaliano Nicola Quaranta
Terence Campanino
Giuseppe Palmieri
Andrea Portacci
Andrea Santamato
Donato Lacedonia
Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano
Silvano Dragonieri
author_sort Pasquale Tondo
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles in the exhaled breath of normal subjects under different oxygenation conditions—normoxia (FiO2 21%), hypoxia (FiO2 11%), and hyperoxia (FiO2 35%)—using an electronic nose (e-nose). We aim to identify significant differences in VOC profiles among the three conditions utilizing principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA). Our results indicate distinct VOC patterns corresponding to each oxygenation state, demonstrating the potential of e-nose technology in detecting physiological changes in breath composition (cross-validated accuracy values: FiO2 21% vs. FiO2 11% = 63%, FiO2 11% vs. FiO2 35% = 65%, FiO2 21% vs. FiO2 35% = 71%, and <i>p</i> < 0.05 for all). This research underscores the viability of breathomics in the non-invasive monitoring and diagnostics of various respiratory and systemic conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-8eb0358b354448a58b8877cec2f363592025-08-20T01:55:42ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-09-012918435810.3390/molecules29184358Electronic Nose Analysis of Exhaled Breath Volatile Organic Compound Profiles during Normoxia, Hypoxia, and HyperoxiaPasquale Tondo0Giulia Scioscia1Marcin Di Marco2Vitaliano Nicola Quaranta3Terence Campanino4Giuseppe Palmieri5Andrea Portacci6Andrea Santamato7Donato Lacedonia8Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano9Silvano Dragonieri10Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, ItalyRespiratory Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, ItalyRespiratory Diseases, Department DiBrain, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, ItalyRespiratory Diseases, Department DiBrain, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, ItalyRespiratory Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, ItalyRespiratory Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, ItalyRespiratory Diseases, Department DiBrain, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, ItalyUnit Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Section, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, ItalyRespiratory Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, ItalyRespiratory Diseases, Department DiBrain, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, ItalyRespiratory Diseases, Department DiBrain, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, ItalyThis study investigates volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles in the exhaled breath of normal subjects under different oxygenation conditions—normoxia (FiO2 21%), hypoxia (FiO2 11%), and hyperoxia (FiO2 35%)—using an electronic nose (e-nose). We aim to identify significant differences in VOC profiles among the three conditions utilizing principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA). Our results indicate distinct VOC patterns corresponding to each oxygenation state, demonstrating the potential of e-nose technology in detecting physiological changes in breath composition (cross-validated accuracy values: FiO2 21% vs. FiO2 11% = 63%, FiO2 11% vs. FiO2 35% = 65%, FiO2 21% vs. FiO2 35% = 71%, and <i>p</i> < 0.05 for all). This research underscores the viability of breathomics in the non-invasive monitoring and diagnostics of various respiratory and systemic conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/18/4358volatile organic compoundsexhaled breathelectronic nosehypoxiahyperoxia
spellingShingle Pasquale Tondo
Giulia Scioscia
Marcin Di Marco
Vitaliano Nicola Quaranta
Terence Campanino
Giuseppe Palmieri
Andrea Portacci
Andrea Santamato
Donato Lacedonia
Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano
Silvano Dragonieri
Electronic Nose Analysis of Exhaled Breath Volatile Organic Compound Profiles during Normoxia, Hypoxia, and Hyperoxia
Molecules
volatile organic compounds
exhaled breath
electronic nose
hypoxia
hyperoxia
title Electronic Nose Analysis of Exhaled Breath Volatile Organic Compound Profiles during Normoxia, Hypoxia, and Hyperoxia
title_full Electronic Nose Analysis of Exhaled Breath Volatile Organic Compound Profiles during Normoxia, Hypoxia, and Hyperoxia
title_fullStr Electronic Nose Analysis of Exhaled Breath Volatile Organic Compound Profiles during Normoxia, Hypoxia, and Hyperoxia
title_full_unstemmed Electronic Nose Analysis of Exhaled Breath Volatile Organic Compound Profiles during Normoxia, Hypoxia, and Hyperoxia
title_short Electronic Nose Analysis of Exhaled Breath Volatile Organic Compound Profiles during Normoxia, Hypoxia, and Hyperoxia
title_sort electronic nose analysis of exhaled breath volatile organic compound profiles during normoxia hypoxia and hyperoxia
topic volatile organic compounds
exhaled breath
electronic nose
hypoxia
hyperoxia
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/18/4358
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