Predator-prey dynamics with refuge, alternate food, and harvesting strategies in a patchy habitat

A predator–prey dynamic reaction model is investigated in a two-layered water body where only the prey is subjected to harvesting. The surface layer (Layer-1) provides food for both species, while the prey migrates to deeper layer (Layer-2) as a refuge from predation. Although the prey is the prefer...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Rajalakshmi Manoharan, Reenu Rani, Ali Moussaoui
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AIMS Press 2025-03-01
Series:Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/mbe.2025029
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