Mathematical modeling of malaria vaccination with seasonality and immune feedback.
Malaria is one of the deadliest infectious diseases globally, claiming hundreds of thousands of lives each year. The disease presents substantial heterogeneity among the population, with approximately two-thirds of fatalities occurring in children under five years old. Immunity to malaria develops t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2025-05-01
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| Series: | PLoS Computational Biology |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012988 |
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| _version_ | 1849328071317913600 |
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| author | Zhuolin Qu Denis Patterson Lihong Zhao Joan Ponce Christina J Edholm Olivia F Prosper Feldman Lauren M Childs |
| author_facet | Zhuolin Qu Denis Patterson Lihong Zhao Joan Ponce Christina J Edholm Olivia F Prosper Feldman Lauren M Childs |
| author_sort | Zhuolin Qu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Malaria is one of the deadliest infectious diseases globally, claiming hundreds of thousands of lives each year. The disease presents substantial heterogeneity among the population, with approximately two-thirds of fatalities occurring in children under five years old. Immunity to malaria develops through repeated exposure and plays a crucial role in disease dynamics. Seasonal environmental fluctuations, such as changes in temperature and rainfall, lead to temporal heterogeneity and further complicate transmission dynamics and the utility of intervention strategies. We employ an age-structured partial differential equation model to characterize seasonal malaria transmission and assess vaccination strategies that vary by timing and duration. Our model integrates vector-host epidemiological dynamics across different age groups and nonlinear feedback between transmission and immunity. We calibrate the model to year-round and seasonal malaria settings and conduct extensive sensitivity analyses for both scenarios to systematically assess which assumptions lead to the most uncertainty. We use time-varying sensitivity indices to identify critical disease parameters during low and high transmission seasons. We further investigate the impact of vaccination and its implementation in the seasonal malaria settings. When implementing a three-dose primary vaccination series, seasonally targeted campaigns can prevent significantly more cases per vaccination than constant year-long programs in regions with strong seasonal variation in transmission. In such scenarios, the optimal vaccination interval aligns with the peak in infected mosquito abundance and precedes the peak in malaria transmission. In contrast, seasonal booster programs may provide limited advantages over year-long vaccination. Additionally, while increasing annual vaccination counts can reduce overall disease incidence, it yields marginal improvements in cases prevented per vaccination. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8ea7e2fd8393467c87ed314d5acaf992 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1553-734X 1553-7358 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Computational Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-8ea7e2fd8393467c87ed314d5acaf9922025-08-20T03:47:41ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Computational Biology1553-734X1553-73582025-05-01215e101298810.1371/journal.pcbi.1012988Mathematical modeling of malaria vaccination with seasonality and immune feedback.Zhuolin QuDenis PattersonLihong ZhaoJoan PonceChristina J EdholmOlivia F Prosper FeldmanLauren M ChildsMalaria is one of the deadliest infectious diseases globally, claiming hundreds of thousands of lives each year. The disease presents substantial heterogeneity among the population, with approximately two-thirds of fatalities occurring in children under five years old. Immunity to malaria develops through repeated exposure and plays a crucial role in disease dynamics. Seasonal environmental fluctuations, such as changes in temperature and rainfall, lead to temporal heterogeneity and further complicate transmission dynamics and the utility of intervention strategies. We employ an age-structured partial differential equation model to characterize seasonal malaria transmission and assess vaccination strategies that vary by timing and duration. Our model integrates vector-host epidemiological dynamics across different age groups and nonlinear feedback between transmission and immunity. We calibrate the model to year-round and seasonal malaria settings and conduct extensive sensitivity analyses for both scenarios to systematically assess which assumptions lead to the most uncertainty. We use time-varying sensitivity indices to identify critical disease parameters during low and high transmission seasons. We further investigate the impact of vaccination and its implementation in the seasonal malaria settings. When implementing a three-dose primary vaccination series, seasonally targeted campaigns can prevent significantly more cases per vaccination than constant year-long programs in regions with strong seasonal variation in transmission. In such scenarios, the optimal vaccination interval aligns with the peak in infected mosquito abundance and precedes the peak in malaria transmission. In contrast, seasonal booster programs may provide limited advantages over year-long vaccination. Additionally, while increasing annual vaccination counts can reduce overall disease incidence, it yields marginal improvements in cases prevented per vaccination.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012988 |
| spellingShingle | Zhuolin Qu Denis Patterson Lihong Zhao Joan Ponce Christina J Edholm Olivia F Prosper Feldman Lauren M Childs Mathematical modeling of malaria vaccination with seasonality and immune feedback. PLoS Computational Biology |
| title | Mathematical modeling of malaria vaccination with seasonality and immune feedback. |
| title_full | Mathematical modeling of malaria vaccination with seasonality and immune feedback. |
| title_fullStr | Mathematical modeling of malaria vaccination with seasonality and immune feedback. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mathematical modeling of malaria vaccination with seasonality and immune feedback. |
| title_short | Mathematical modeling of malaria vaccination with seasonality and immune feedback. |
| title_sort | mathematical modeling of malaria vaccination with seasonality and immune feedback |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012988 |
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