Gut microbiome signature in response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer

BackgroundRectal cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-associated mortality, especially in advanced cases with limited treatment options. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiome may influence the therapeutic efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT).ObjectiveThis study aimed to e...

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Main Authors: Tingmei Duan, Zhengting Ren, Haili Jiang, Yan Ding, Hongyan Wang, Fan Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Microbiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1543507/full
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author Tingmei Duan
Zhengting Ren
Haili Jiang
Yan Ding
Hongyan Wang
Fan Wang
author_facet Tingmei Duan
Zhengting Ren
Haili Jiang
Yan Ding
Hongyan Wang
Fan Wang
author_sort Tingmei Duan
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundRectal cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-associated mortality, especially in advanced cases with limited treatment options. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiome may influence the therapeutic efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT).ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the dynamic changes in gut microbiome composition and metabolic pathways in rectal cancer patients undergoing CRT.MethodsPaired fecal samples were collected from rectal cancer patients pre- and post-CRT. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and proteomics analysis were conducted to investigate microbial and metabolic alterations.ResultsSignificant shifts in the microbiome were observed, with Fusobacterium, Subdoligranulum, Prevotella, Alloprevotella, and Bacteroides being enriched pre-CRT, while Streptococcus, Megamonas, Megasphaera, Escherichia-Shigella, and Olsenella became dominant post-CRT. Metabolic analysis revealed upregulated carbohydrate metabolism and downregulated lipid and energy metabolism.ConclusionThese findings identify potential microbial biomarkers and metabolic pathways associated with CRT response, offering insights into personalized treatment strategies.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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series Frontiers in Microbiology
spelling doaj-art-8ea7adadd7da4dfaa38d88ce191232ad2025-08-20T02:08:27ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-04-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.15435071543507Gut microbiome signature in response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancerTingmei Duan0Zhengting Ren1Haili Jiang2Yan Ding3Hongyan Wang4Fan Wang5Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaDepartment of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaBackgroundRectal cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-associated mortality, especially in advanced cases with limited treatment options. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiome may influence the therapeutic efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT).ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the dynamic changes in gut microbiome composition and metabolic pathways in rectal cancer patients undergoing CRT.MethodsPaired fecal samples were collected from rectal cancer patients pre- and post-CRT. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and proteomics analysis were conducted to investigate microbial and metabolic alterations.ResultsSignificant shifts in the microbiome were observed, with Fusobacterium, Subdoligranulum, Prevotella, Alloprevotella, and Bacteroides being enriched pre-CRT, while Streptococcus, Megamonas, Megasphaera, Escherichia-Shigella, and Olsenella became dominant post-CRT. Metabolic analysis revealed upregulated carbohydrate metabolism and downregulated lipid and energy metabolism.ConclusionThese findings identify potential microbial biomarkers and metabolic pathways associated with CRT response, offering insights into personalized treatment strategies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1543507/fullrectal cancerneoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT)gut microbiomeproteomics16S rRNA sequencing
spellingShingle Tingmei Duan
Zhengting Ren
Haili Jiang
Yan Ding
Hongyan Wang
Fan Wang
Gut microbiome signature in response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer
Frontiers in Microbiology
rectal cancer
neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT)
gut microbiome
proteomics
16S rRNA sequencing
title Gut microbiome signature in response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer
title_full Gut microbiome signature in response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer
title_fullStr Gut microbiome signature in response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer
title_full_unstemmed Gut microbiome signature in response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer
title_short Gut microbiome signature in response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer
title_sort gut microbiome signature in response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer
topic rectal cancer
neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT)
gut microbiome
proteomics
16S rRNA sequencing
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1543507/full
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AT hailijiang gutmicrobiomesignatureinresponsetoneoadjuvantchemoradiotherapyinpatientswithrectalcancer
AT yanding gutmicrobiomesignatureinresponsetoneoadjuvantchemoradiotherapyinpatientswithrectalcancer
AT hongyanwang gutmicrobiomesignatureinresponsetoneoadjuvantchemoradiotherapyinpatientswithrectalcancer
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