Synthesis and characterization of amphoteric salts and azo-bridged heat-resistant explosives with a 1,2,4-triazole framework
The formation of anions and cations from amphoteric compounds is an effective method to adjust the properties of amphoteric energetic materials, but there are few reports in the field of energetic materials. Based on the excellent properties and modifiability of 1,2,4-triazoles, this work provides a...
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KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Energetic Materials Frontiers |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666647224000642 |
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| author | En-pei Feng Jie Tang Cheng-chuang Li Teng Zhu Hong-wei Yang Guang-bin Cheng |
| author_facet | En-pei Feng Jie Tang Cheng-chuang Li Teng Zhu Hong-wei Yang Guang-bin Cheng |
| author_sort | En-pei Feng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The formation of anions and cations from amphoteric compounds is an effective method to adjust the properties of amphoteric energetic materials, but there are few reports in the field of energetic materials. Based on the excellent properties and modifiability of 1,2,4-triazoles, this work provides a method for the synthesis of novel energetic materials by bridging triazole rings with carboxylic acid, ester and azo groups. Triazole cyclization of carboxylic acids gave the amphoteric compound 6,5-diamino-1′,4′-dihydro-4H,5′H-[3,3′-bis (1,2,4-triazole)]-5′-one (6) and formed the anionic hydroxylamine salt (8), which was not ideal in thermal stability (Td = 161 °C). In order to further adjust the properties, 6 was reacted with nitric acid to form nitrate 7. Cationic nitrate 7 has good thermal stability (Td = 334 °C) and high detonation properties (Dv = 8337 m∙s−1) in high-energy nitrates. In addition, azo compound (5-nitro-1H, 2′H-[3,3′-bis (1,2,4-triazole)]-5′-yl) hydrazine (4) has low sensitivity (IS = 20 J, FS = 240 N), good thermal stability (Td = 287 °C) and detonation characteristics (Dv = 8602 m∙s−1, P = 30.5 GPa) comparable to RDX (Dv = 8795 m∙s−1). Compounds 4 and 7 have good detonation properties and thermal stability, and have broad application prospects as heat-resistant insensitive explosives. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8e98711ba7a64e0ea2ea536cd7359c3b |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2666-6472 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energetic Materials Frontiers |
| spelling | doaj-art-8e98711ba7a64e0ea2ea536cd7359c3b2025-08-20T03:10:28ZengKeAi Communications Co. Ltd.Energetic Materials Frontiers2666-64722025-03-0161515810.1016/j.enmf.2024.08.006Synthesis and characterization of amphoteric salts and azo-bridged heat-resistant explosives with a 1,2,4-triazole frameworkEn-pei Feng0Jie Tang1Cheng-chuang Li2Teng Zhu3Hong-wei Yang4Guang-bin Cheng5School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, 210094, ChinaSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, 210094, ChinaSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, 210094, ChinaSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, 210094, ChinaCorresponding author.; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, 210094, ChinaCorresponding author.; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, 210094, ChinaThe formation of anions and cations from amphoteric compounds is an effective method to adjust the properties of amphoteric energetic materials, but there are few reports in the field of energetic materials. Based on the excellent properties and modifiability of 1,2,4-triazoles, this work provides a method for the synthesis of novel energetic materials by bridging triazole rings with carboxylic acid, ester and azo groups. Triazole cyclization of carboxylic acids gave the amphoteric compound 6,5-diamino-1′,4′-dihydro-4H,5′H-[3,3′-bis (1,2,4-triazole)]-5′-one (6) and formed the anionic hydroxylamine salt (8), which was not ideal in thermal stability (Td = 161 °C). In order to further adjust the properties, 6 was reacted with nitric acid to form nitrate 7. Cationic nitrate 7 has good thermal stability (Td = 334 °C) and high detonation properties (Dv = 8337 m∙s−1) in high-energy nitrates. In addition, azo compound (5-nitro-1H, 2′H-[3,3′-bis (1,2,4-triazole)]-5′-yl) hydrazine (4) has low sensitivity (IS = 20 J, FS = 240 N), good thermal stability (Td = 287 °C) and detonation characteristics (Dv = 8602 m∙s−1, P = 30.5 GPa) comparable to RDX (Dv = 8795 m∙s−1). Compounds 4 and 7 have good detonation properties and thermal stability, and have broad application prospects as heat-resistant insensitive explosives.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S26666472240006421,2,4-TriazolesEnergetic materialsAmphoteric compoundAzo compound |
| spellingShingle | En-pei Feng Jie Tang Cheng-chuang Li Teng Zhu Hong-wei Yang Guang-bin Cheng Synthesis and characterization of amphoteric salts and azo-bridged heat-resistant explosives with a 1,2,4-triazole framework Energetic Materials Frontiers 1,2,4-Triazoles Energetic materials Amphoteric compound Azo compound |
| title | Synthesis and characterization of amphoteric salts and azo-bridged heat-resistant explosives with a 1,2,4-triazole framework |
| title_full | Synthesis and characterization of amphoteric salts and azo-bridged heat-resistant explosives with a 1,2,4-triazole framework |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis and characterization of amphoteric salts and azo-bridged heat-resistant explosives with a 1,2,4-triazole framework |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis and characterization of amphoteric salts and azo-bridged heat-resistant explosives with a 1,2,4-triazole framework |
| title_short | Synthesis and characterization of amphoteric salts and azo-bridged heat-resistant explosives with a 1,2,4-triazole framework |
| title_sort | synthesis and characterization of amphoteric salts and azo bridged heat resistant explosives with a 1 2 4 triazole framework |
| topic | 1,2,4-Triazoles Energetic materials Amphoteric compound Azo compound |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666647224000642 |
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