Double-Network Hydrogel 3D BioPrinting Biocompatible with Fibroblast Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications

The present study examines the formulation of a biocompatible hydrogel bioink for 3D bioprinting, integrating poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and sodium alginate (SA) using a double-network approach. These materials were chosen for their synergistic qualities, with PEGDA contributing to mec...

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Main Authors: Immacolata Greco, Hatim Machrafi, Carlo S. Iorio
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Gels
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/10/11/684
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author Immacolata Greco
Hatim Machrafi
Carlo S. Iorio
author_facet Immacolata Greco
Hatim Machrafi
Carlo S. Iorio
author_sort Immacolata Greco
collection DOAJ
description The present study examines the formulation of a biocompatible hydrogel bioink for 3D bioprinting, integrating poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and sodium alginate (SA) using a double-network approach. These materials were chosen for their synergistic qualities, with PEGDA contributing to mechanical integrity and SA ensuring biocompatibility. Fibroblast cells were included in the bioink and printed with a Reg4Life bioprinter employing micro-extrusion technology. The optimisation of printing parameters included needle size and flow velocities. This led to precise structure development and yielded results with a negligible deviation in printed angles and better control of line widths. The rheological characteristics of the bioink were evaluated, demonstrating appropriate viscosity and shear-thinning behaviour for efficient extrusion. The mechanical characterisation revealed an average compressive modulus of 0.38 MPa, suitable for tissue engineering applications. The printability of the bioink was further confirmed through the evaluations of morphology and diffusion rates, confirming structural integrity. Biocompatibility assessments demonstrated a high cell viability rate of 82.65% following 48 h of incubation, supporting the bioink’s suitability for facilitating cell survival. This study introduced a reliable technique for producing tissue-engineered scaffolds that exhibit outstanding mechanical characteristics and cell viability, highlighting the promise of PEGDA–SA hydrogels in bioprinting applications.
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spelling doaj-art-8e8857d623df4e97bab040a26f77ce132025-08-20T02:28:10ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612024-10-01101168410.3390/gels10110684Double-Network Hydrogel 3D BioPrinting Biocompatible with Fibroblast Cells for Tissue Engineering ApplicationsImmacolata Greco0Hatim Machrafi1Carlo S. Iorio2Center for Research and Engineering in Space Technologies, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, BelgiumCenter for Research and Engineering in Space Technologies, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, BelgiumCenter for Research and Engineering in Space Technologies, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, BelgiumThe present study examines the formulation of a biocompatible hydrogel bioink for 3D bioprinting, integrating poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and sodium alginate (SA) using a double-network approach. These materials were chosen for their synergistic qualities, with PEGDA contributing to mechanical integrity and SA ensuring biocompatibility. Fibroblast cells were included in the bioink and printed with a Reg4Life bioprinter employing micro-extrusion technology. The optimisation of printing parameters included needle size and flow velocities. This led to precise structure development and yielded results with a negligible deviation in printed angles and better control of line widths. The rheological characteristics of the bioink were evaluated, demonstrating appropriate viscosity and shear-thinning behaviour for efficient extrusion. The mechanical characterisation revealed an average compressive modulus of 0.38 MPa, suitable for tissue engineering applications. The printability of the bioink was further confirmed through the evaluations of morphology and diffusion rates, confirming structural integrity. Biocompatibility assessments demonstrated a high cell viability rate of 82.65% following 48 h of incubation, supporting the bioink’s suitability for facilitating cell survival. This study introduced a reliable technique for producing tissue-engineered scaffolds that exhibit outstanding mechanical characteristics and cell viability, highlighting the promise of PEGDA–SA hydrogels in bioprinting applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/10/11/684bioprintingdouble networkbiocompatibilityhydrogelstissue engineering
spellingShingle Immacolata Greco
Hatim Machrafi
Carlo S. Iorio
Double-Network Hydrogel 3D BioPrinting Biocompatible with Fibroblast Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications
Gels
bioprinting
double network
biocompatibility
hydrogels
tissue engineering
title Double-Network Hydrogel 3D BioPrinting Biocompatible with Fibroblast Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications
title_full Double-Network Hydrogel 3D BioPrinting Biocompatible with Fibroblast Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications
title_fullStr Double-Network Hydrogel 3D BioPrinting Biocompatible with Fibroblast Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications
title_full_unstemmed Double-Network Hydrogel 3D BioPrinting Biocompatible with Fibroblast Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications
title_short Double-Network Hydrogel 3D BioPrinting Biocompatible with Fibroblast Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications
title_sort double network hydrogel 3d bioprinting biocompatible with fibroblast cells for tissue engineering applications
topic bioprinting
double network
biocompatibility
hydrogels
tissue engineering
url https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/10/11/684
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AT carlosiorio doublenetworkhydrogel3dbioprintingbiocompatiblewithfibroblastcellsfortissueengineeringapplications