A Novel Approach to Approximating Generalized Pointing Errors Modeled by Beckmann Distribution in FSO Communication Systems

In this paper, we introduce a new and accurate approximation for the Beckmann distribution, a widely employed model for describing generalized pointing errors in the context of free-space optical (FSO) communication systems. More specifically, this four-parameter distribution, which considers distin...

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Main Authors: Emna Zedini, Yalcin Ata, Abla Kammoun, Mohamed-Slim Alouini
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10816714/
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author Emna Zedini
Yalcin Ata
Abla Kammoun
Mohamed-Slim Alouini
author_facet Emna Zedini
Yalcin Ata
Abla Kammoun
Mohamed-Slim Alouini
author_sort Emna Zedini
collection DOAJ
description In this paper, we introduce a new and accurate approximation for the Beckmann distribution, a widely employed model for describing generalized pointing errors in the context of free-space optical (FSO) communication systems. More specifically, this four-parameter distribution, which considers distinct jitter variances along horizontal and vertical displacements and accounts for nonzero boresight errors at the receiver, is approximated using a Gamma distribution with shape and scale parameters. By applying this approximation to the generalized pointing error model and incorporating angle-of-arrival (AOA) variations, we present novel analytical equations for the cumulative distribution function and the probability density function of the composite Gamma-Gamma turbulence channel. These unified formulations are applicable to intensity modulation with direct detection and heterodyne detection methods, and are expressed using the generalized Meijer's-G function. Utilizing these results, we provide expressions for the moments, the ergodic capacity, the average bit-error rate for several modulations, and the outage probability. Additionally, employing a moments-based approach, we derive a highly accurate asymptotic approximation for the ergodic capacity for high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes using simple functions. All analytical expressions are validated using Monte-Carlo simulations.
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spelling doaj-art-8e7c2ec2370344dbbea1f14561006fda2025-08-20T02:26:45ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society2644-125X2025-01-01672774110.1109/OJCOMS.2024.352330410816714A Novel Approach to Approximating Generalized Pointing Errors Modeled by Beckmann Distribution in FSO Communication SystemsEmna Zedini0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1498-8457Yalcin Ata1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7781-4182Abla Kammoun2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0195-3159Mohamed-Slim Alouini3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793College of Innovation and Technology, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI, USADepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, OSTIM Technical University, Ankara, TürkiyeComputer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Makkah, Saudi ArabiaComputer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Makkah, Saudi ArabiaIn this paper, we introduce a new and accurate approximation for the Beckmann distribution, a widely employed model for describing generalized pointing errors in the context of free-space optical (FSO) communication systems. More specifically, this four-parameter distribution, which considers distinct jitter variances along horizontal and vertical displacements and accounts for nonzero boresight errors at the receiver, is approximated using a Gamma distribution with shape and scale parameters. By applying this approximation to the generalized pointing error model and incorporating angle-of-arrival (AOA) variations, we present novel analytical equations for the cumulative distribution function and the probability density function of the composite Gamma-Gamma turbulence channel. These unified formulations are applicable to intensity modulation with direct detection and heterodyne detection methods, and are expressed using the generalized Meijer's-G function. Utilizing these results, we provide expressions for the moments, the ergodic capacity, the average bit-error rate for several modulations, and the outage probability. Additionally, employing a moments-based approach, we derive a highly accurate asymptotic approximation for the ergodic capacity for high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes using simple functions. All analytical expressions are validated using Monte-Carlo simulations.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10816714/FSOangle-of-arrival fluctuationsatmospheric turbulenceGamma-Gamma fadingpointing errorsBeckmann distribution
spellingShingle Emna Zedini
Yalcin Ata
Abla Kammoun
Mohamed-Slim Alouini
A Novel Approach to Approximating Generalized Pointing Errors Modeled by Beckmann Distribution in FSO Communication Systems
IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society
FSO
angle-of-arrival fluctuations
atmospheric turbulence
Gamma-Gamma fading
pointing errors
Beckmann distribution
title A Novel Approach to Approximating Generalized Pointing Errors Modeled by Beckmann Distribution in FSO Communication Systems
title_full A Novel Approach to Approximating Generalized Pointing Errors Modeled by Beckmann Distribution in FSO Communication Systems
title_fullStr A Novel Approach to Approximating Generalized Pointing Errors Modeled by Beckmann Distribution in FSO Communication Systems
title_full_unstemmed A Novel Approach to Approximating Generalized Pointing Errors Modeled by Beckmann Distribution in FSO Communication Systems
title_short A Novel Approach to Approximating Generalized Pointing Errors Modeled by Beckmann Distribution in FSO Communication Systems
title_sort novel approach to approximating generalized pointing errors modeled by beckmann distribution in fso communication systems
topic FSO
angle-of-arrival fluctuations
atmospheric turbulence
Gamma-Gamma fading
pointing errors
Beckmann distribution
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10816714/
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