Sirtuin 1 expression in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract Background The sirtuin (SIRT) family has a crucial role in aging biology. SIRT1 is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase. SIRT2 is an NAD-dependent deacetylase that mediates deacetylation of alpha-tubulin. SIRT3 is a mitochondrial enzyme that regulates mitochondrial functions, including ATP synthesi...

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Main Authors: Mohamed M. M. Hassaan, Imam M. Esmayel, Mayada M. Mousa, Samia Hussein, Ahmed K. Y. Alkolaly, Batoul A. Hegazy, Rodalia M. Makhlouf
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-08-01
Series:Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s43042-025-00770-z
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author Mohamed M. M. Hassaan
Imam M. Esmayel
Mayada M. Mousa
Samia Hussein
Ahmed K. Y. Alkolaly
Batoul A. Hegazy
Rodalia M. Makhlouf
author_facet Mohamed M. M. Hassaan
Imam M. Esmayel
Mayada M. Mousa
Samia Hussein
Ahmed K. Y. Alkolaly
Batoul A. Hegazy
Rodalia M. Makhlouf
author_sort Mohamed M. M. Hassaan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The sirtuin (SIRT) family has a crucial role in aging biology. SIRT1 is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase. SIRT2 is an NAD-dependent deacetylase that mediates deacetylation of alpha-tubulin. SIRT3 is a mitochondrial enzyme that regulates mitochondrial functions, including ATP synthesis, reactive oxygen species production, fatty acid oxidation, ketone metabolism, and cellular death. SIRT4 is an ADP-ribosyltransferase that downregulates glutamate dehydrogenase in β cells, with a subsequent reduction in insulin secretion. SIRT5 regulates post-translational modifications. SIRT6 is a mono-ADP-ribosyl transferase. SIRT7 is present in the nucleoli and controls RNA polymerase I. The SIRT1 gene is present on chromosome 10 at the 10q21.3 locus. Methods This study included 2 groups. Group 1 included 35 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Group 2 included 35 elderly non-diabetic subjects. Laboratory investigations included complete blood picture and kidney and liver function tests. Lipid profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS), two-hour postprandial blood sugar (2-h-PPS), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured. SIRT1 protein and mRNA expressions were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. Results No significant differences were detected between the two groups concerning hemoglobin (Hb) level, total leukocytic count, or platelet count (P = 0.064, 0.251, and 0.333, respectively). However, FBS, 2-h-PPS, and HbA1c were significantly higher in cases compared to controls (P < 0.001 for each). Additionally, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly higher in cases compared to controls (P < 0.001, 0.001, and 0.005, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P = 0.314). SIRT1 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly higher in cases compared to controls (P  < 0.001, for both). SIRT1 had significant negative correlations with body mass index (BMI) (r = − 0.316, P = 0.006), duration of DM (r = − 0.308, P = 0.009), FBS (r = − 0.581, P < 0.001), 2-h-PPS (r = − 0.676, P < 0.001), HbA1c (r = − 0.648, P < 0.001), TC (r = − 0.232, P = 0.029), and LDL-C (r = − 0.263, P = 0.013). Conclusion SIRT1 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly upregulated in T2DM. SIRT1 expression had significant negative correlations with BMI, duration of DM, FBS, 2-h-PPS, HbA1c, TC, and LDL-C. BMI and HbA1c are determinants of SIRT1 expression in elderly patients with T2DM, as confirmed by regression analysis.
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spelling doaj-art-8e79eb5eda7f4031bd6fa1747a2654d92025-08-24T11:33:30ZengSpringerOpenEgyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics2090-24412025-08-012611610.1186/s43042-025-00770-zSirtuin 1 expression in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusMohamed M. M. Hassaan0Imam M. Esmayel1Mayada M. Mousa2Samia Hussein3Ahmed K. Y. Alkolaly4Batoul A. Hegazy5Rodalia M. Makhlouf6Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Zagazig UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Zagazig UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Zagazig UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Zagazig UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Zagazig UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Zagazig UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Zagazig UniversityAbstract Background The sirtuin (SIRT) family has a crucial role in aging biology. SIRT1 is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase. SIRT2 is an NAD-dependent deacetylase that mediates deacetylation of alpha-tubulin. SIRT3 is a mitochondrial enzyme that regulates mitochondrial functions, including ATP synthesis, reactive oxygen species production, fatty acid oxidation, ketone metabolism, and cellular death. SIRT4 is an ADP-ribosyltransferase that downregulates glutamate dehydrogenase in β cells, with a subsequent reduction in insulin secretion. SIRT5 regulates post-translational modifications. SIRT6 is a mono-ADP-ribosyl transferase. SIRT7 is present in the nucleoli and controls RNA polymerase I. The SIRT1 gene is present on chromosome 10 at the 10q21.3 locus. Methods This study included 2 groups. Group 1 included 35 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Group 2 included 35 elderly non-diabetic subjects. Laboratory investigations included complete blood picture and kidney and liver function tests. Lipid profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS), two-hour postprandial blood sugar (2-h-PPS), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured. SIRT1 protein and mRNA expressions were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. Results No significant differences were detected between the two groups concerning hemoglobin (Hb) level, total leukocytic count, or platelet count (P = 0.064, 0.251, and 0.333, respectively). However, FBS, 2-h-PPS, and HbA1c were significantly higher in cases compared to controls (P < 0.001 for each). Additionally, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly higher in cases compared to controls (P < 0.001, 0.001, and 0.005, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P = 0.314). SIRT1 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly higher in cases compared to controls (P  < 0.001, for both). SIRT1 had significant negative correlations with body mass index (BMI) (r = − 0.316, P = 0.006), duration of DM (r = − 0.308, P = 0.009), FBS (r = − 0.581, P < 0.001), 2-h-PPS (r = − 0.676, P < 0.001), HbA1c (r = − 0.648, P < 0.001), TC (r = − 0.232, P = 0.029), and LDL-C (r = − 0.263, P = 0.013). Conclusion SIRT1 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly upregulated in T2DM. SIRT1 expression had significant negative correlations with BMI, duration of DM, FBS, 2-h-PPS, HbA1c, TC, and LDL-C. BMI and HbA1c are determinants of SIRT1 expression in elderly patients with T2DM, as confirmed by regression analysis.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43042-025-00770-z
spellingShingle Mohamed M. M. Hassaan
Imam M. Esmayel
Mayada M. Mousa
Samia Hussein
Ahmed K. Y. Alkolaly
Batoul A. Hegazy
Rodalia M. Makhlouf
Sirtuin 1 expression in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics
title Sirtuin 1 expression in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
title_full Sirtuin 1 expression in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
title_fullStr Sirtuin 1 expression in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
title_full_unstemmed Sirtuin 1 expression in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
title_short Sirtuin 1 expression in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
title_sort sirtuin 1 expression in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s43042-025-00770-z
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