Electromagnetic Analysis and Multi-Objective Design Optimization of a WFSM with Hybrid GOES-NOES Core

This study presents a design and optimization methodology to enhance the power density and efficiency of wound field synchronous machines (WFSMs) by selectively applying grain-oriented electrical steel (GOES). Unlike conventional non-grain-oriented electrical steel (NOES), GOES exhibits significantl...

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Main Authors: Kyeong-Tae Yu, Hwi-Rang Ban, Seong-Won Kim, Jun-Beom Park, Jang-Young Choi, Kyung-Hun Shin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:World Electric Vehicle Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/7/399
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author Kyeong-Tae Yu
Hwi-Rang Ban
Seong-Won Kim
Jun-Beom Park
Jang-Young Choi
Kyung-Hun Shin
author_facet Kyeong-Tae Yu
Hwi-Rang Ban
Seong-Won Kim
Jun-Beom Park
Jang-Young Choi
Kyung-Hun Shin
author_sort Kyeong-Tae Yu
collection DOAJ
description This study presents a design and optimization methodology to enhance the power density and efficiency of wound field synchronous machines (WFSMs) by selectively applying grain-oriented electrical steel (GOES). Unlike conventional non-grain-oriented electrical steel (NOES), GOES exhibits significantly lower core loss along its rolling direction, making it suitable for regions with predominantly alternating magnetic fields. Based on magnetic field analysis, four machine configurations were investigated, differing in the placement of GOES within stator and rotor teeth. Finite element analysis (FEA) was employed to compare electromagnetic performance across the configurations. Subsequently, a multi-objective optimization was conducted using Latin Hypercube Sampling, meta-modeling, and a genetic algorithm to maximize power density and efficiency while minimizing torque ripple. The optimized WFSM achieved a 13.97% increase in power density and a 1.0% improvement in efficiency compared to the baseline NOES model. These results demonstrate the feasibility of applying GOES in rotating machines to reduce core loss and improve overall performance, offering a viable alternative to rare-earth permanent magnet machines in xEV applications.
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language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series World Electric Vehicle Journal
spelling doaj-art-8e62034d3f904712a9a5b2d425b8e1cc2025-08-20T03:13:58ZengMDPI AGWorld Electric Vehicle Journal2032-66532025-07-0116739910.3390/wevj16070399Electromagnetic Analysis and Multi-Objective Design Optimization of a WFSM with Hybrid GOES-NOES CoreKyeong-Tae Yu0Hwi-Rang Ban1Seong-Won Kim2Jun-Beom Park3Jang-Young Choi4Kyung-Hun Shin5Department of Electrical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of KoreaThis study presents a design and optimization methodology to enhance the power density and efficiency of wound field synchronous machines (WFSMs) by selectively applying grain-oriented electrical steel (GOES). Unlike conventional non-grain-oriented electrical steel (NOES), GOES exhibits significantly lower core loss along its rolling direction, making it suitable for regions with predominantly alternating magnetic fields. Based on magnetic field analysis, four machine configurations were investigated, differing in the placement of GOES within stator and rotor teeth. Finite element analysis (FEA) was employed to compare electromagnetic performance across the configurations. Subsequently, a multi-objective optimization was conducted using Latin Hypercube Sampling, meta-modeling, and a genetic algorithm to maximize power density and efficiency while minimizing torque ripple. The optimized WFSM achieved a 13.97% increase in power density and a 1.0% improvement in efficiency compared to the baseline NOES model. These results demonstrate the feasibility of applying GOES in rotating machines to reduce core loss and improve overall performance, offering a viable alternative to rare-earth permanent magnet machines in xEV applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/7/399wound field synchronous machinegrain-oriented electrical steeloptimization
spellingShingle Kyeong-Tae Yu
Hwi-Rang Ban
Seong-Won Kim
Jun-Beom Park
Jang-Young Choi
Kyung-Hun Shin
Electromagnetic Analysis and Multi-Objective Design Optimization of a WFSM with Hybrid GOES-NOES Core
World Electric Vehicle Journal
wound field synchronous machine
grain-oriented electrical steel
optimization
title Electromagnetic Analysis and Multi-Objective Design Optimization of a WFSM with Hybrid GOES-NOES Core
title_full Electromagnetic Analysis and Multi-Objective Design Optimization of a WFSM with Hybrid GOES-NOES Core
title_fullStr Electromagnetic Analysis and Multi-Objective Design Optimization of a WFSM with Hybrid GOES-NOES Core
title_full_unstemmed Electromagnetic Analysis and Multi-Objective Design Optimization of a WFSM with Hybrid GOES-NOES Core
title_short Electromagnetic Analysis and Multi-Objective Design Optimization of a WFSM with Hybrid GOES-NOES Core
title_sort electromagnetic analysis and multi objective design optimization of a wfsm with hybrid goes noes core
topic wound field synchronous machine
grain-oriented electrical steel
optimization
url https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/7/399
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