Geographic correlation between tapeworm carriers and heavily infected cysticercotic pigs.
<h4>Background</h4>Neurocysticercosis is a leading cause of preventable epilepsy in the developing world. Sustainable community-based interventions are urgently needed to control transmission of the causative parasite, Taenia solium. We examined the geospatial relationship between live p...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2012-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001953&type=printable |
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| author | Seth E O'Neal Luz M Moyano Viterbo Ayvar Guillermo Gonzalvez Andre Diaz Silvia Rodriguez Patricia P Wilkins Victor C W Tsang Robert H Gilman Hector H Garcia Armando E Gonzalez Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru |
| author_facet | Seth E O'Neal Luz M Moyano Viterbo Ayvar Guillermo Gonzalvez Andre Diaz Silvia Rodriguez Patricia P Wilkins Victor C W Tsang Robert H Gilman Hector H Garcia Armando E Gonzalez Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru |
| author_sort | Seth E O'Neal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Neurocysticercosis is a leading cause of preventable epilepsy in the developing world. Sustainable community-based interventions are urgently needed to control transmission of the causative parasite, Taenia solium. We examined the geospatial relationship between live pigs with visible cysticercotic cysts on their tongues and humans with adult intestinal tapeworm infection (taeniasis) in a rural village in northern Peru. The objective was to determine whether tongue-positive pigs could indicate high-risk geographic foci for taeniasis to guide targeted screening efforts. This approach could offer significant benefit compared to mass intervention.<h4>Methods</h4>We recorded geographic coordinates of all village houses, collected stool samples from all consenting villagers, and collected blood and examined tongues of all village pigs. Stool samples were processed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for presence of Taenia sp. coproantigens indicative of active taeniasis; serum was processed by enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot for antibodies against T. solium cysticercosis (EITB LLGP) and T. solium taeniasis (EITB rES33).<h4>Findings</h4>Of 548 pigs, 256 (46.7%) were positive for antibodies against cysticercosis on EITB LLGP. Of 402 fecal samples, 6 (1.5%) were positive for the presence of Taenia sp. coproantigens. The proportion of coproantigen-positive individuals differed significantly between residents living within 100-meters of a tongue-positive pig (4/79, 5.1%) and residents living >100 meters from a tongue-positive pig (2/323, 0.6%) (p = 0.02). The prevalence of taeniasis was >8 times higher among residents living within 100 meters of a tongue-positive pig compared to residents living outside this range (adjusted PR 8.1, 95% CI 1.4-47.0).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Tongue-positive pigs in endemic communities can indicate geospatial foci in which the risk for taeniasis is increased. Targeted screening or presumptive treatment for taeniasis within these high-risk foci may be an effective and practical control intervention for rural endemic areas. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8e57729d8a8c4b76bd63e0099d057c45 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-8e57729d8a8c4b76bd63e0099d057c452025-08-20T02:22:45ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352012-01-01612e195310.1371/journal.pntd.0001953Geographic correlation between tapeworm carriers and heavily infected cysticercotic pigs.Seth E O'NealLuz M MoyanoViterbo AyvarGuillermo GonzalvezAndre DiazSilvia RodriguezPatricia P WilkinsVictor C W TsangRobert H GilmanHector H GarciaArmando E GonzalezCysticercosis Working Group in Peru<h4>Background</h4>Neurocysticercosis is a leading cause of preventable epilepsy in the developing world. Sustainable community-based interventions are urgently needed to control transmission of the causative parasite, Taenia solium. We examined the geospatial relationship between live pigs with visible cysticercotic cysts on their tongues and humans with adult intestinal tapeworm infection (taeniasis) in a rural village in northern Peru. The objective was to determine whether tongue-positive pigs could indicate high-risk geographic foci for taeniasis to guide targeted screening efforts. This approach could offer significant benefit compared to mass intervention.<h4>Methods</h4>We recorded geographic coordinates of all village houses, collected stool samples from all consenting villagers, and collected blood and examined tongues of all village pigs. Stool samples were processed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for presence of Taenia sp. coproantigens indicative of active taeniasis; serum was processed by enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot for antibodies against T. solium cysticercosis (EITB LLGP) and T. solium taeniasis (EITB rES33).<h4>Findings</h4>Of 548 pigs, 256 (46.7%) were positive for antibodies against cysticercosis on EITB LLGP. Of 402 fecal samples, 6 (1.5%) were positive for the presence of Taenia sp. coproantigens. The proportion of coproantigen-positive individuals differed significantly between residents living within 100-meters of a tongue-positive pig (4/79, 5.1%) and residents living >100 meters from a tongue-positive pig (2/323, 0.6%) (p = 0.02). The prevalence of taeniasis was >8 times higher among residents living within 100 meters of a tongue-positive pig compared to residents living outside this range (adjusted PR 8.1, 95% CI 1.4-47.0).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Tongue-positive pigs in endemic communities can indicate geospatial foci in which the risk for taeniasis is increased. Targeted screening or presumptive treatment for taeniasis within these high-risk foci may be an effective and practical control intervention for rural endemic areas.https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001953&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Seth E O'Neal Luz M Moyano Viterbo Ayvar Guillermo Gonzalvez Andre Diaz Silvia Rodriguez Patricia P Wilkins Victor C W Tsang Robert H Gilman Hector H Garcia Armando E Gonzalez Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru Geographic correlation between tapeworm carriers and heavily infected cysticercotic pigs. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| title | Geographic correlation between tapeworm carriers and heavily infected cysticercotic pigs. |
| title_full | Geographic correlation between tapeworm carriers and heavily infected cysticercotic pigs. |
| title_fullStr | Geographic correlation between tapeworm carriers and heavily infected cysticercotic pigs. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geographic correlation between tapeworm carriers and heavily infected cysticercotic pigs. |
| title_short | Geographic correlation between tapeworm carriers and heavily infected cysticercotic pigs. |
| title_sort | geographic correlation between tapeworm carriers and heavily infected cysticercotic pigs |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001953&type=printable |
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