Exploring Community Succession, Assembly Patterns, and Metabolic Functions of Ester-Producing-Related Microbiota during the Production of <i>Nongxiangxing baijiu</i>
Esters are vital flavor compounds in Chinese <i>Nongxiangxing baijiu</i> and greatly affect the quality of <i>baijiu</i>. Microbial communities inhabiting fermented grains (FGs) have a marked impact on esters. However, the specific microorganisms and their assembly patterns r...
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| author | Xiawei Yi Huan Xia Ping Huang Shiyuan Ma Chongde Wu |
| author_facet | Xiawei Yi Huan Xia Ping Huang Shiyuan Ma Chongde Wu |
| author_sort | Xiawei Yi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Esters are vital flavor compounds in Chinese <i>Nongxiangxing baijiu</i> and greatly affect the quality of <i>baijiu</i>. Microbial communities inhabiting fermented grains (FGs) have a marked impact on esters. However, the specific microorganisms and their assembly patterns remain unclear. This study utilized high-throughput sequencing and a culture-based method to reveal ester-producing microorganisms. A total of 33 esters were detected, including 19 ethyl esters, 9 linear chain esters, and 2 branched chain esters. A correlation analysis indicated that the bacterial genus <i>Lactobacillus</i> (relative abundance in average: 69.05%) and fungal genera <i>Pichia</i> (2.40%), <i>Aspergillus</i> (11.84%), <i>Wickerhamomyces</i> (0.60%), <i>Thermomyces</i> (3.57%), <i>Saccharomycopsis</i> (7.87%), <i>Issatchenkia</i> (0.96%), and <i>Thermoascus</i> (10.83%) were dominant and associated with esters production and their precursors. The numbers of esters positively correlated with them were 1, 17, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, and 1, respectively. The modified stochasticity ratio (MST) index and Sloan neutral model revealed that bacteria were predominantly governed by deterministic processes while fungal assemblies were more stochastic. <i>Saturnispora silvae</i> and <i>Zygosaccharomyces bailii</i> were isolated and identified with ester synthesis potential. PICRUSt2 analysis showed that fungi in FG had a high potential for synthesizing ethanol, while 14 enzymes related to esters synthesis were all produced by bacteria, especially enzymes catalyzing the synthesis of acyl-CoA. In addition, ester synthesis was mainly catalyzed by carboxylesterase, acylglycerol lipase and triacylglycerol lipase. These findings may provide insights into ester production mechanism and potential strategies to improve the quality of <i>Nongxiangxing baijiu</i>. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj-art-8e452f2db82e4e45bf474c0b946175b62025-08-20T02:16:50ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582024-10-011319316910.3390/foods13193169Exploring Community Succession, Assembly Patterns, and Metabolic Functions of Ester-Producing-Related Microbiota during the Production of <i>Nongxiangxing baijiu</i>Xiawei Yi0Huan Xia1Ping Huang2Shiyuan Ma3Chongde Wu4College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaCollege of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaCollege of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaCollege of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaCollege of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaEsters are vital flavor compounds in Chinese <i>Nongxiangxing baijiu</i> and greatly affect the quality of <i>baijiu</i>. Microbial communities inhabiting fermented grains (FGs) have a marked impact on esters. However, the specific microorganisms and their assembly patterns remain unclear. This study utilized high-throughput sequencing and a culture-based method to reveal ester-producing microorganisms. A total of 33 esters were detected, including 19 ethyl esters, 9 linear chain esters, and 2 branched chain esters. A correlation analysis indicated that the bacterial genus <i>Lactobacillus</i> (relative abundance in average: 69.05%) and fungal genera <i>Pichia</i> (2.40%), <i>Aspergillus</i> (11.84%), <i>Wickerhamomyces</i> (0.60%), <i>Thermomyces</i> (3.57%), <i>Saccharomycopsis</i> (7.87%), <i>Issatchenkia</i> (0.96%), and <i>Thermoascus</i> (10.83%) were dominant and associated with esters production and their precursors. The numbers of esters positively correlated with them were 1, 17, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, and 1, respectively. The modified stochasticity ratio (MST) index and Sloan neutral model revealed that bacteria were predominantly governed by deterministic processes while fungal assemblies were more stochastic. <i>Saturnispora silvae</i> and <i>Zygosaccharomyces bailii</i> were isolated and identified with ester synthesis potential. PICRUSt2 analysis showed that fungi in FG had a high potential for synthesizing ethanol, while 14 enzymes related to esters synthesis were all produced by bacteria, especially enzymes catalyzing the synthesis of acyl-CoA. In addition, ester synthesis was mainly catalyzed by carboxylesterase, acylglycerol lipase and triacylglycerol lipase. These findings may provide insights into ester production mechanism and potential strategies to improve the quality of <i>Nongxiangxing baijiu</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/19/3169fermentation grainsester formationmicrobial communitymicrobiota assembly |
| spellingShingle | Xiawei Yi Huan Xia Ping Huang Shiyuan Ma Chongde Wu Exploring Community Succession, Assembly Patterns, and Metabolic Functions of Ester-Producing-Related Microbiota during the Production of <i>Nongxiangxing baijiu</i> Foods fermentation grains ester formation microbial community microbiota assembly |
| title | Exploring Community Succession, Assembly Patterns, and Metabolic Functions of Ester-Producing-Related Microbiota during the Production of <i>Nongxiangxing baijiu</i> |
| title_full | Exploring Community Succession, Assembly Patterns, and Metabolic Functions of Ester-Producing-Related Microbiota during the Production of <i>Nongxiangxing baijiu</i> |
| title_fullStr | Exploring Community Succession, Assembly Patterns, and Metabolic Functions of Ester-Producing-Related Microbiota during the Production of <i>Nongxiangxing baijiu</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring Community Succession, Assembly Patterns, and Metabolic Functions of Ester-Producing-Related Microbiota during the Production of <i>Nongxiangxing baijiu</i> |
| title_short | Exploring Community Succession, Assembly Patterns, and Metabolic Functions of Ester-Producing-Related Microbiota during the Production of <i>Nongxiangxing baijiu</i> |
| title_sort | exploring community succession assembly patterns and metabolic functions of ester producing related microbiota during the production of i nongxiangxing baijiu i |
| topic | fermentation grains ester formation microbial community microbiota assembly |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/19/3169 |
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