Comparative analysis between the gold standard titration method and a mathematical formula to predict CPAP pressure

Objective: One lower-cost alternative to either manual or APAP titration is predicting therapeutic pressure by using mathematical formulas. This study aimed to determine whether the Miljeteig and Hoffstein predictor formula was equivalent to the pressure established by manual titration in a sleep la...

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Main Authors: Cíntia Felicio Adriano Rosa, Adriane Iurck Zonato, Ordival Augusto Rosa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1808869425000990
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author Cíntia Felicio Adriano Rosa
Adriane Iurck Zonato
Ordival Augusto Rosa
author_facet Cíntia Felicio Adriano Rosa
Adriane Iurck Zonato
Ordival Augusto Rosa
author_sort Cíntia Felicio Adriano Rosa
collection DOAJ
description Objective: One lower-cost alternative to either manual or APAP titration is predicting therapeutic pressure by using mathematical formulas. This study aimed to determine whether the Miljeteig and Hoffstein predictor formula was equivalent to the pressure established by manual titration in a sleep laboratory in patients using nasal or pillow masks. Methods: The authors analyzed all CPAP titration polysomnography studies in adult patients for three consecutive months (May 20th to August 19th, 2018) in a sleep-disorders clinic. CPAP pressures were manually titrated over the night. Anthropometric data (age, sex, Body Mass Index [BMI], Neck [NC] and waist circumference) and polysomnographic data were documented. We tested Miljeteig and Hoffstein model formula-predicted CPAP (Hpred) accuracy in our patients, comparing formula results to our manual titration; Hpred = (0.16 BMI) + (0.13 NC) + (0.04 AHI) - 5.12. Results: Nasal masks were used in 55% of our patients (n = 86) and pillow masks in 45% (n = 71). There was no difference between groups for age, body mass index, neck circumference, waist circumference, gender, baseline apnea-hypopnea index, CPAP pressure and residual AHI during titration polysomnography. The mean difference obtained between CPAP pressure and Hpred formula was 2.4 cm H2O. The CPAP pressure means during titration was 2.4 cm H2O higher than pressure obtained by a formula for pillow group and 2.3 for the nasal group. Conclusions: In most patients, formula underestimated the CPAP pressure obtained during titration for both nasal and pillow masks. Even though the pressure is underestimated, this approach could help to define minimum and maximum titration pressure using APAP in patients with OSA until the optimal pressure can be determined in the sleep laboratory if necessary. Level of evidence: Level 3.
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spelling doaj-art-8e29f8dcc84e41cf9a39f93abd4198b92025-08-20T01:59:14ZengElsevierBrazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology1808-86942025-09-0191510165610.1016/j.bjorl.2025.101656Comparative analysis between the gold standard titration method and a mathematical formula to predict CPAP pressureCíntia Felicio Adriano Rosa0Adriane Iurck Zonato1Ordival Augusto Rosa2Corresponding author.; Hospital IPO, Curitiba, PR, BrazilHospital IPO, Curitiba, PR, BrazilHospital IPO, Curitiba, PR, BrazilObjective: One lower-cost alternative to either manual or APAP titration is predicting therapeutic pressure by using mathematical formulas. This study aimed to determine whether the Miljeteig and Hoffstein predictor formula was equivalent to the pressure established by manual titration in a sleep laboratory in patients using nasal or pillow masks. Methods: The authors analyzed all CPAP titration polysomnography studies in adult patients for three consecutive months (May 20th to August 19th, 2018) in a sleep-disorders clinic. CPAP pressures were manually titrated over the night. Anthropometric data (age, sex, Body Mass Index [BMI], Neck [NC] and waist circumference) and polysomnographic data were documented. We tested Miljeteig and Hoffstein model formula-predicted CPAP (Hpred) accuracy in our patients, comparing formula results to our manual titration; Hpred = (0.16 BMI) + (0.13 NC) + (0.04 AHI) - 5.12. Results: Nasal masks were used in 55% of our patients (n = 86) and pillow masks in 45% (n = 71). There was no difference between groups for age, body mass index, neck circumference, waist circumference, gender, baseline apnea-hypopnea index, CPAP pressure and residual AHI during titration polysomnography. The mean difference obtained between CPAP pressure and Hpred formula was 2.4 cm H2O. The CPAP pressure means during titration was 2.4 cm H2O higher than pressure obtained by a formula for pillow group and 2.3 for the nasal group. Conclusions: In most patients, formula underestimated the CPAP pressure obtained during titration for both nasal and pillow masks. Even though the pressure is underestimated, this approach could help to define minimum and maximum titration pressure using APAP in patients with OSA until the optimal pressure can be determined in the sleep laboratory if necessary. Level of evidence: Level 3.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1808869425000990CPAPTitrationMaskNasal pillowSleep apneaPredictive formulas
spellingShingle Cíntia Felicio Adriano Rosa
Adriane Iurck Zonato
Ordival Augusto Rosa
Comparative analysis between the gold standard titration method and a mathematical formula to predict CPAP pressure
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
CPAP
Titration
Mask
Nasal pillow
Sleep apnea
Predictive formulas
title Comparative analysis between the gold standard titration method and a mathematical formula to predict CPAP pressure
title_full Comparative analysis between the gold standard titration method and a mathematical formula to predict CPAP pressure
title_fullStr Comparative analysis between the gold standard titration method and a mathematical formula to predict CPAP pressure
title_full_unstemmed Comparative analysis between the gold standard titration method and a mathematical formula to predict CPAP pressure
title_short Comparative analysis between the gold standard titration method and a mathematical formula to predict CPAP pressure
title_sort comparative analysis between the gold standard titration method and a mathematical formula to predict cpap pressure
topic CPAP
Titration
Mask
Nasal pillow
Sleep apnea
Predictive formulas
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1808869425000990
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