Association of birth defects during the perinatal period with child mortality under 5 years
ObjectiveTo calculate the impact of birth defects (BDs) diagnosed during the perinatal period on the mortality of children under 5 years of age.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort analysis. From the monitoring system, we collected all hospital delivery, BD monitoring, and death information for ch...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1485176/full |
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| author | Donghua Xie Donghua Xie Jianhui Wei Lili Xiong Huiyuan Zhu Xianglian Peng Bo Li Kehan Zou |
| author_facet | Donghua Xie Donghua Xie Jianhui Wei Lili Xiong Huiyuan Zhu Xianglian Peng Bo Li Kehan Zou |
| author_sort | Donghua Xie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectiveTo calculate the impact of birth defects (BDs) diagnosed during the perinatal period on the mortality of children under 5 years of age.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort analysis. From the monitoring system, we collected all hospital delivery, BD monitoring, and death information for children under 5 years in Hunan Province from 2017–2022. These data were linked by ID number. Mortality rates and Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the impact of BDs on mortality in children under 5 years of age.ResultsAmong 3,807,340 live-born children, 29,879 (0.8%) had at least one type of BDs during the perinatal period, with a total of 12,215,033 person-years of follow-up. The mortality rate of the BDs group was 14.5% (95% CI: 13.7–15.3) per 1,000 person-years, which was 11.6 times (HR = 11.6, 95% CI: 10.5–12.8) greater than that of the nondefect group. The mortality rate per 1,000 person-years of girls with BDs was higher than that of boys (15.4% vs. 13.5%). For the BDs group, congenital anomalies (CAs) were the most common cause of death (57.2%). Compared with children without BDs, those with BDs had elevated mortality risks for CAs (HR, 58.1; 95% CI, 42.7–79.0), digestive (HR = 16.5, 95% CI: 6.1–45.0) and respiratory system malformations (HR, 11.9; 95% CI, 7.9–17.8), and cancer (HR = 11.1 95% CI: 4.7–26.2).ConclusionsThis study revealed that BDs were strongly associated with mortality under 5 years of age, especially in the first 28 days, for muscular, chromosomal, genetic, and nervous system abnormalities. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8e0dcf7d3c134c339f9f2e72a6c48c59 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2296-2360 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj-art-8e0dcf7d3c134c339f9f2e72a6c48c592025-08-20T03:09:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pediatrics2296-23602025-07-011310.3389/fped.2025.14851761485176Association of birth defects during the perinatal period with child mortality under 5 yearsDonghua Xie0Donghua Xie1Jianhui Wei2Lili Xiong3Huiyuan Zhu4Xianglian Peng5Bo Li6Kehan Zou7Department of Health Management, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, ChinaNHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaXiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Health Management, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, ChinaClinical Medical Research Center of Maternal Neonatal Diseases of Hunan Province, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Health Management, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Health Management, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, ChinaObjectiveTo calculate the impact of birth defects (BDs) diagnosed during the perinatal period on the mortality of children under 5 years of age.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort analysis. From the monitoring system, we collected all hospital delivery, BD monitoring, and death information for children under 5 years in Hunan Province from 2017–2022. These data were linked by ID number. Mortality rates and Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the impact of BDs on mortality in children under 5 years of age.ResultsAmong 3,807,340 live-born children, 29,879 (0.8%) had at least one type of BDs during the perinatal period, with a total of 12,215,033 person-years of follow-up. The mortality rate of the BDs group was 14.5% (95% CI: 13.7–15.3) per 1,000 person-years, which was 11.6 times (HR = 11.6, 95% CI: 10.5–12.8) greater than that of the nondefect group. The mortality rate per 1,000 person-years of girls with BDs was higher than that of boys (15.4% vs. 13.5%). For the BDs group, congenital anomalies (CAs) were the most common cause of death (57.2%). Compared with children without BDs, those with BDs had elevated mortality risks for CAs (HR, 58.1; 95% CI, 42.7–79.0), digestive (HR = 16.5, 95% CI: 6.1–45.0) and respiratory system malformations (HR, 11.9; 95% CI, 7.9–17.8), and cancer (HR = 11.1 95% CI: 4.7–26.2).ConclusionsThis study revealed that BDs were strongly associated with mortality under 5 years of age, especially in the first 28 days, for muscular, chromosomal, genetic, and nervous system abnormalities.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1485176/fullbirth defectsmortality rate under 5 yearscause of deathhazard ratioconfidence intervalsperson-years |
| spellingShingle | Donghua Xie Donghua Xie Jianhui Wei Lili Xiong Huiyuan Zhu Xianglian Peng Bo Li Kehan Zou Association of birth defects during the perinatal period with child mortality under 5 years Frontiers in Pediatrics birth defects mortality rate under 5 years cause of death hazard ratio confidence intervals person-years |
| title | Association of birth defects during the perinatal period with child mortality under 5 years |
| title_full | Association of birth defects during the perinatal period with child mortality under 5 years |
| title_fullStr | Association of birth defects during the perinatal period with child mortality under 5 years |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association of birth defects during the perinatal period with child mortality under 5 years |
| title_short | Association of birth defects during the perinatal period with child mortality under 5 years |
| title_sort | association of birth defects during the perinatal period with child mortality under 5 years |
| topic | birth defects mortality rate under 5 years cause of death hazard ratio confidence intervals person-years |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1485176/full |
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