Psychosocial Determinants of Occupational Health Through the Lenses of Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation

Understanding the determinants of the occupational health of specific populations and their work-related vulnerabilities is important for developing more effective psychosocial interventions. The aims of this study were (1) to explore differences in occupational health between groups of men versus w...

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Main Authors: António Oliveira, Iara Teixeira, Felipe Alckmin-Carvalho, Henrique Pereira
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Behavioral Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/2/234
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author António Oliveira
Iara Teixeira
Felipe Alckmin-Carvalho
Henrique Pereira
author_facet António Oliveira
Iara Teixeira
Felipe Alckmin-Carvalho
Henrique Pereira
author_sort António Oliveira
collection DOAJ
description Understanding the determinants of the occupational health of specific populations and their work-related vulnerabilities is important for developing more effective psychosocial interventions. The aims of this study were (1) to explore differences in occupational health between groups of men versus women and heterosexual versus LGBTQIA+ individuals living in Portugal; (2) to assess whether belonging to LGBTQIA+ groups or being a woman predicts worse occupational health; and (3) to evaluate differences in absenteeism frequency and possible predictors based on sexual orientation and gender. This cross-sectional quantitative study involved 577 participants living and working in Portugal (mean age: 41.62 years, SD = 11.41). To assess occupational health, we used the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III—Middle Version). Women and LGBTQIA+ individuals reported poorer occupational health compared to men and heterosexual individuals, although greater discrepancies were observed in LGBTQIA+ individuals, especially in mental health indicators. Gender and sexual orientation were found to have modest but statistically significant effects on occupational health. The absenteeism frequency was higher among women. Our data suggest improvements in terms of women’s occupational health in Portugal, but not gender equality, which indicates that there are still points to be improved. These findings also suggest the persistence of stigma related to sexual diversity and its effects on the occupational health of LGBTQIA+ and underscore the need for more inclusive workplace policies in Portugal.
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spelling doaj-art-8e0935b7b5e643edbb8f4e1175ede9fe2025-08-20T03:12:14ZengMDPI AGBehavioral Sciences2076-328X2025-02-0115223410.3390/bs15020234Psychosocial Determinants of Occupational Health Through the Lenses of Gender Identity and Sexual OrientationAntónio Oliveira0Iara Teixeira1Felipe Alckmin-Carvalho2Henrique Pereira3Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, PortugalDepartment of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, PortugalDepartment of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, PortugalDepartment of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, PortugalUnderstanding the determinants of the occupational health of specific populations and their work-related vulnerabilities is important for developing more effective psychosocial interventions. The aims of this study were (1) to explore differences in occupational health between groups of men versus women and heterosexual versus LGBTQIA+ individuals living in Portugal; (2) to assess whether belonging to LGBTQIA+ groups or being a woman predicts worse occupational health; and (3) to evaluate differences in absenteeism frequency and possible predictors based on sexual orientation and gender. This cross-sectional quantitative study involved 577 participants living and working in Portugal (mean age: 41.62 years, SD = 11.41). To assess occupational health, we used the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III—Middle Version). Women and LGBTQIA+ individuals reported poorer occupational health compared to men and heterosexual individuals, although greater discrepancies were observed in LGBTQIA+ individuals, especially in mental health indicators. Gender and sexual orientation were found to have modest but statistically significant effects on occupational health. The absenteeism frequency was higher among women. Our data suggest improvements in terms of women’s occupational health in Portugal, but not gender equality, which indicates that there are still points to be improved. These findings also suggest the persistence of stigma related to sexual diversity and its effects on the occupational health of LGBTQIA+ and underscore the need for more inclusive workplace policies in Portugal.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/2/234occupational healthgender identitysexual orientationpsychosocial determinantshomonegativitysexual-related stigma
spellingShingle António Oliveira
Iara Teixeira
Felipe Alckmin-Carvalho
Henrique Pereira
Psychosocial Determinants of Occupational Health Through the Lenses of Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation
Behavioral Sciences
occupational health
gender identity
sexual orientation
psychosocial determinants
homonegativity
sexual-related stigma
title Psychosocial Determinants of Occupational Health Through the Lenses of Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation
title_full Psychosocial Determinants of Occupational Health Through the Lenses of Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation
title_fullStr Psychosocial Determinants of Occupational Health Through the Lenses of Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation
title_full_unstemmed Psychosocial Determinants of Occupational Health Through the Lenses of Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation
title_short Psychosocial Determinants of Occupational Health Through the Lenses of Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation
title_sort psychosocial determinants of occupational health through the lenses of gender identity and sexual orientation
topic occupational health
gender identity
sexual orientation
psychosocial determinants
homonegativity
sexual-related stigma
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/2/234
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AT felipealckmincarvalho psychosocialdeterminantsofoccupationalhealththroughthelensesofgenderidentityandsexualorientation
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