Immune and Safety Analysis of <i>ultra</i>IPV<sup>TM</sup>, a Novel UVC-Inactivated Polio Vaccine
The eradication of poliovirus remains a global health priority, with inactivated polio vaccines (IPVs) playing a pivotal role in immunization strategies. Over the past decades, advancements in IPV production have focused on optimizing safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity while addressing vaccine pro...
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2025-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/7/915 |
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| author | David A. MacLeod John K. Tobin Ruth V. Bushnell Taralyn J. Wiggins Shyamkumar TS Ramchander Nadipelly Steven Lawson Viju V. Pillai Gregory J. Tobin Stephen J. Dollery |
| author_facet | David A. MacLeod John K. Tobin Ruth V. Bushnell Taralyn J. Wiggins Shyamkumar TS Ramchander Nadipelly Steven Lawson Viju V. Pillai Gregory J. Tobin Stephen J. Dollery |
| author_sort | David A. MacLeod |
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| description | The eradication of poliovirus remains a global health priority, with inactivated polio vaccines (IPVs) playing a pivotal role in immunization strategies. Over the past decades, advancements in IPV production have focused on optimizing safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity while addressing vaccine production and logistical challenges. This paper discusses a novel IPV candidate, <i>ultra</i>IPV<sup>TM</sup>, which departs from conventional formalin inactivation and uses a modern ultraviolet C (UVC) inactivation technology that includes a powerful antioxidant that protects virus epitopes from damage during and after irradiation. The potential of UVC inactivation to maintain structural integrity and immunogenicity of viral antigens, while circumventing safety issues with conventional vaccines, could bolster global polio eradication efforts and holds promise for applications to numerous other viral pathogens. Wistar rats were immunized with three dosages of <i>ultra</i>IPV<sup>TM</sup>, IPOL<sup>R</sup>, or vehicle alone. Immune responses were analyzed by whole-virus ELISA and antiviral neutralizing responses. Toxicity was analyzed primarily by increases in body weight and cytokine ELISA. Tolerability was analyzed by gross pathological and histological examinations. <i>ultra</i>IPV<sup>TM</sup> was determined to be immunogenic and non-toxic. No pathological or histological abnormalities related to the vaccine were observed. The data suggest that <i>ultra</i>IPV<sup>TM</sup> is immunogenic and well-tolerated in rats. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8dfd142893ff4703bf29a2b8d7ad8f60 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj-art-8dfd142893ff4703bf29a2b8d7ad8f602025-08-20T03:56:49ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-06-0117791510.3390/v17070915Immune and Safety Analysis of <i>ultra</i>IPV<sup>TM</sup>, a Novel UVC-Inactivated Polio VaccineDavid A. MacLeod0John K. Tobin1Ruth V. Bushnell2Taralyn J. Wiggins3Shyamkumar TS4Ramchander Nadipelly5Steven Lawson6Viju V. Pillai7Gregory J. Tobin8Stephen J. Dollery9Biological Mimetics, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USABiological Mimetics, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USABiological Mimetics, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USABiological Mimetics, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USADepartment of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USADepartment of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USADepartment of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USADepartment of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USABiological Mimetics, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USABiological Mimetics, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USAThe eradication of poliovirus remains a global health priority, with inactivated polio vaccines (IPVs) playing a pivotal role in immunization strategies. Over the past decades, advancements in IPV production have focused on optimizing safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity while addressing vaccine production and logistical challenges. This paper discusses a novel IPV candidate, <i>ultra</i>IPV<sup>TM</sup>, which departs from conventional formalin inactivation and uses a modern ultraviolet C (UVC) inactivation technology that includes a powerful antioxidant that protects virus epitopes from damage during and after irradiation. The potential of UVC inactivation to maintain structural integrity and immunogenicity of viral antigens, while circumventing safety issues with conventional vaccines, could bolster global polio eradication efforts and holds promise for applications to numerous other viral pathogens. Wistar rats were immunized with three dosages of <i>ultra</i>IPV<sup>TM</sup>, IPOL<sup>R</sup>, or vehicle alone. Immune responses were analyzed by whole-virus ELISA and antiviral neutralizing responses. Toxicity was analyzed primarily by increases in body weight and cytokine ELISA. Tolerability was analyzed by gross pathological and histological examinations. <i>ultra</i>IPV<sup>TM</sup> was determined to be immunogenic and non-toxic. No pathological or histological abnormalities related to the vaccine were observed. The data suggest that <i>ultra</i>IPV<sup>TM</sup> is immunogenic and well-tolerated in rats.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/7/915polio vaccineUVC irradiation<i>ultra</i>IPVUV inactivationIPVUVC-inactivated polio vaccine |
| spellingShingle | David A. MacLeod John K. Tobin Ruth V. Bushnell Taralyn J. Wiggins Shyamkumar TS Ramchander Nadipelly Steven Lawson Viju V. Pillai Gregory J. Tobin Stephen J. Dollery Immune and Safety Analysis of <i>ultra</i>IPV<sup>TM</sup>, a Novel UVC-Inactivated Polio Vaccine Viruses polio vaccine UVC irradiation <i>ultra</i>IPV UV inactivation IPV UVC-inactivated polio vaccine |
| title | Immune and Safety Analysis of <i>ultra</i>IPV<sup>TM</sup>, a Novel UVC-Inactivated Polio Vaccine |
| title_full | Immune and Safety Analysis of <i>ultra</i>IPV<sup>TM</sup>, a Novel UVC-Inactivated Polio Vaccine |
| title_fullStr | Immune and Safety Analysis of <i>ultra</i>IPV<sup>TM</sup>, a Novel UVC-Inactivated Polio Vaccine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immune and Safety Analysis of <i>ultra</i>IPV<sup>TM</sup>, a Novel UVC-Inactivated Polio Vaccine |
| title_short | Immune and Safety Analysis of <i>ultra</i>IPV<sup>TM</sup>, a Novel UVC-Inactivated Polio Vaccine |
| title_sort | immune and safety analysis of i ultra i ipv sup tm sup a novel uvc inactivated polio vaccine |
| topic | polio vaccine UVC irradiation <i>ultra</i>IPV UV inactivation IPV UVC-inactivated polio vaccine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/7/915 |
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