A Decision Support System for Irrigation Scheduling Using a Reduced-Size Pan

An automatic, weight-based, small 20 cm diameter pan was used for real-time calculations of evaporation and precipitation in a semiarid environment. The water evaporated from the evaporimeter (E<sub>P</sub>) was found to be a significant predictor of evapotranspiration (ET<sub>O<...

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Main Authors: Georgios Nikolaou, Damianos Neocleous, Efstathios Evangelides, Evangelini Kitta
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Agronomy
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/4/848
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author Georgios Nikolaou
Damianos Neocleous
Efstathios Evangelides
Evangelini Kitta
author_facet Georgios Nikolaou
Damianos Neocleous
Efstathios Evangelides
Evangelini Kitta
author_sort Georgios Nikolaou
collection DOAJ
description An automatic, weight-based, small 20 cm diameter pan was used for real-time calculations of evaporation and precipitation in a semiarid environment. The water evaporated from the evaporimeter (E<sub>P</sub>) was found to be a significant predictor of evapotranspiration (ET<sub>O</sub>; r<sup>2</sup> = 0.84), which was calculated with the Penman–Monteith (P-M) equation by retrieving climatic data from a weather station. The results revealed seasonal variations of the pan coefficient (K<sub>P</sub>; dimensionless), with a mean value estimated at 0.84 (±0.16). Validation of ET<sub>O</sub> measurements using a calibrated regression model (ET<sub>O</sub> = 0.831*E<sub>P</sub> + 0.025), against the P-M equation indicated a high correlation coefficient (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.99, slope of the regression line of 0.9). The present paper evaluates and discusses the potential of using a reduced-size pan for real-time monitoring of water evaporation and precipitation, proposing an open-source irrigation decision support system.
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series Agronomy
spelling doaj-art-8dfcf55935b4493c927a3c5c8f47a3062025-08-20T02:17:13ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-03-0115484810.3390/agronomy15040848A Decision Support System for Irrigation Scheduling Using a Reduced-Size PanGeorgios Nikolaou0Damianos Neocleous1Efstathios Evangelides2Evangelini Kitta3Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Str., 38446 Volos, GreeceDepartment of Natural Resources and Environment, Agricultural Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Nicosia 1516, CyprusDepartment of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, P.O. Box 24402, Nicosia 1705, CyprusDepartment of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Str., 38446 Volos, GreeceAn automatic, weight-based, small 20 cm diameter pan was used for real-time calculations of evaporation and precipitation in a semiarid environment. The water evaporated from the evaporimeter (E<sub>P</sub>) was found to be a significant predictor of evapotranspiration (ET<sub>O</sub>; r<sup>2</sup> = 0.84), which was calculated with the Penman–Monteith (P-M) equation by retrieving climatic data from a weather station. The results revealed seasonal variations of the pan coefficient (K<sub>P</sub>; dimensionless), with a mean value estimated at 0.84 (±0.16). Validation of ET<sub>O</sub> measurements using a calibrated regression model (ET<sub>O</sub> = 0.831*E<sub>P</sub> + 0.025), against the P-M equation indicated a high correlation coefficient (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.99, slope of the regression line of 0.9). The present paper evaluates and discusses the potential of using a reduced-size pan for real-time monitoring of water evaporation and precipitation, proposing an open-source irrigation decision support system.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/4/848pan coefficientsemiarid precision agriculturewater conservation
spellingShingle Georgios Nikolaou
Damianos Neocleous
Efstathios Evangelides
Evangelini Kitta
A Decision Support System for Irrigation Scheduling Using a Reduced-Size Pan
Agronomy
pan coefficient
semiarid precision agriculture
water conservation
title A Decision Support System for Irrigation Scheduling Using a Reduced-Size Pan
title_full A Decision Support System for Irrigation Scheduling Using a Reduced-Size Pan
title_fullStr A Decision Support System for Irrigation Scheduling Using a Reduced-Size Pan
title_full_unstemmed A Decision Support System for Irrigation Scheduling Using a Reduced-Size Pan
title_short A Decision Support System for Irrigation Scheduling Using a Reduced-Size Pan
title_sort decision support system for irrigation scheduling using a reduced size pan
topic pan coefficient
semiarid precision agriculture
water conservation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/4/848
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