Unraveling the Toxicity of a Non-Microcystin-Producing Strain (CCIBt3106) of <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>: Ecotoxicological Effects on Aquatic Invertebrates

Unraveling the Toxicity of a Non-Microcystin-Producing Strain (CCIBt3106) of <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>: Ecotoxicological Effects on Aquatic Invertebrates

Cyanobacterial blooms are becoming increasingly frequent and intense worldwide, often dominated by <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>, a species capable of producing a wide array of bioactive metabolites beyond microcystins. This study evaluates the ecotoxicological potential of a non-microcy...

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Main Authors: Éryka Costa Almeida, Fernanda Rios Jacinavicius, Rhuana Valdetário Médice, Rafaella Bizo Menezes, Larissa Souza Passos, Dominique Anderson, Jaewon Yoon, Elaine Dias Faria, Camila Manoel Crnkovic, Ana Lúcia Fonseca, Theodore Henry, Ernani Pinto
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Toxins
Subjects:
cyanobacteria
secondary metabolites
ecotoxicology
<i>Daphnia similis</i>
<i>Parhyale hawaiensis</i>
non-microcystin-producing strain
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/7/321
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Summary:Cyanobacterial blooms are becoming increasingly frequent and intense worldwide, often dominated by <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>, a species capable of producing a wide array of bioactive metabolites beyond microcystins. This study evaluates the ecotoxicological potential of a non-microcystin-producing strain, <i>M. aeruginosa</i> CCIBt3106, using acute immobilization assays with three microcrustacean species: <i>Daphnia similis</i>, <i>Artemia salina</i>, and <i>Parhyale hawaiensis</i>. Biomass was extracted using solvents of varying polarity, and selected extracts (aqueous and 50% methanol) were further fractionated and analyzed via high-resolution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HR-LC-MS/MS). Significant toxicity was observed in <i>D. similis</i> and <i>P. hawaiensis</i>, with EC<sub>50</sub> values ranging from 660 to 940 µg mL<sup>−1</sup>. Metabolomic profiling revealed the presence of chemically diverse metabolite classes, including peptides, polyketides, and fatty acyls, with putative annotations linked to known bioactivities. These findings demonstrate that cyanobacterial strains lacking microcystins can still produce complex metabolite mixtures capable of inducing species-specific toxic effects under environmentally relevant exposure levels. Overall, the results highlight the need to expand ecotoxicological assessments and monitoring frameworks to include non-microcystin cyanobacterial metabolites and strains in water quality management.
ISSN:2072-6651

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