Oxygenation indices and echocardiographic markers of pulmonary hypertension and ventricular dysfunction in congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Objectives To evaluate the relationship between early oxygenation indices (oxygenation index (OI) and oxygen saturation index (OSI)) and echocardiographic markers of ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).Design Single-centre retrosp...

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Main Authors: Kamal Ali, Ibrahim Ali, Naif Alotaibi, Saleh S Algarni, Mohanned Alrahili, Mohammed Almahdi, Abdulrahman Almehaid, Saif Alsaif, Talal Altamimi, Saad Alshreedah, Mohammed Sufyani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-08-01
Series:BMJ Paediatrics Open
Online Access:https://bmjpaedsopen.bmj.com/content/9/1/e003637.full
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author Kamal Ali
Ibrahim Ali
Naif Alotaibi
Saleh S Algarni
Mohanned Alrahili
Mohammed Almahdi
Abdulrahman Almehaid
Saif Alsaif
Talal Altamimi
Saad Alshreedah
Mohammed Sufyani
author_facet Kamal Ali
Ibrahim Ali
Naif Alotaibi
Saleh S Algarni
Mohanned Alrahili
Mohammed Almahdi
Abdulrahman Almehaid
Saif Alsaif
Talal Altamimi
Saad Alshreedah
Mohammed Sufyani
author_sort Kamal Ali
collection DOAJ
description Objectives To evaluate the relationship between early oxygenation indices (oxygenation index (OI) and oxygen saturation index (OSI)) and echocardiographic markers of ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).Design Single-centre retrospective cohort study.Setting Level III neonatal intensive care unit at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Patients A total of 47 neonates with CDH admitted between 2016 and 2024 were included. Infants with major congenital heart disease or chromosomal anomalies were excluded.Main outcome measures Correlation of OI and OSI within the first 48 hours with echocardiographic markers of ventricular function, pulmonary hypertension and Vasoactive-Inotropic Score (VIS).Results Among 47 infants, survival was 70%. Survivors had higher left ventricular ejection fraction (M-mode: 61% vs 40%, p=0.010) and more preserved speckle-tracking strain (–17% vs –11%, p=0.006). Non-survivors had elevated right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) (68 vs 40 mm Hg, p=0.001), greater systolic eccentricity index (1.9 vs 1.4, p=0.002) and a higher percentage of right-to-left patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) shunting (50% vs 11%, p<0.001). Higher best, mean and highest OI and OSI values were significantly correlated with impaired ventricular function, elevated RVSP and greater right-to-left PDA flow. VIS was strongly correlated with all oxygenation indices, with the strongest correlations observed for mean OSI (r=0.851, p<0.001) and mean OI (r=0.812, p<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that RVSP had the strongest predictive accuracy for survival (area under the curve (AUC) 0.985, sensitivity 98% and specificity 97%), followed by the percentage of right-to-left PDA shunting (AUC 0.847) and left ventricular output (AUC 0.825).Conclusions Elevated oxygenation indices within the first 48 hours are associated with biventricular dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension and higher inotropic support requirements in CDH. Integration of early oxygenation measures and echocardiographic assessment may enhance risk stratification and guide therapeutic decision-making.
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spelling doaj-art-8deae9ff5e3746478a86fa36f7ca87ce2025-08-20T03:36:10ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Paediatrics Open2399-97722025-08-019110.1136/bmjpo-2025-003637Oxygenation indices and echocardiographic markers of pulmonary hypertension and ventricular dysfunction in congenital diaphragmatic herniaKamal Ali0Ibrahim Ali1Naif Alotaibi2Saleh S Algarni3Mohanned Alrahili4Mohammed Almahdi5Abdulrahman Almehaid6Saif Alsaif7Talal Altamimi8Saad Alshreedah9Mohammed Sufyani101Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King`s College London, London, UKDepartment of Renal Medicine, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK13 Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USADepartment of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaNeonatal Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaNeonatal Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaNeonatal Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaNeonatal Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaNeonatal Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaNeonatal Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaNeonatal Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaObjectives To evaluate the relationship between early oxygenation indices (oxygenation index (OI) and oxygen saturation index (OSI)) and echocardiographic markers of ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).Design Single-centre retrospective cohort study.Setting Level III neonatal intensive care unit at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Patients A total of 47 neonates with CDH admitted between 2016 and 2024 were included. Infants with major congenital heart disease or chromosomal anomalies were excluded.Main outcome measures Correlation of OI and OSI within the first 48 hours with echocardiographic markers of ventricular function, pulmonary hypertension and Vasoactive-Inotropic Score (VIS).Results Among 47 infants, survival was 70%. Survivors had higher left ventricular ejection fraction (M-mode: 61% vs 40%, p=0.010) and more preserved speckle-tracking strain (–17% vs –11%, p=0.006). Non-survivors had elevated right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) (68 vs 40 mm Hg, p=0.001), greater systolic eccentricity index (1.9 vs 1.4, p=0.002) and a higher percentage of right-to-left patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) shunting (50% vs 11%, p<0.001). Higher best, mean and highest OI and OSI values were significantly correlated with impaired ventricular function, elevated RVSP and greater right-to-left PDA flow. VIS was strongly correlated with all oxygenation indices, with the strongest correlations observed for mean OSI (r=0.851, p<0.001) and mean OI (r=0.812, p<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that RVSP had the strongest predictive accuracy for survival (area under the curve (AUC) 0.985, sensitivity 98% and specificity 97%), followed by the percentage of right-to-left PDA shunting (AUC 0.847) and left ventricular output (AUC 0.825).Conclusions Elevated oxygenation indices within the first 48 hours are associated with biventricular dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension and higher inotropic support requirements in CDH. Integration of early oxygenation measures and echocardiographic assessment may enhance risk stratification and guide therapeutic decision-making.https://bmjpaedsopen.bmj.com/content/9/1/e003637.full
spellingShingle Kamal Ali
Ibrahim Ali
Naif Alotaibi
Saleh S Algarni
Mohanned Alrahili
Mohammed Almahdi
Abdulrahman Almehaid
Saif Alsaif
Talal Altamimi
Saad Alshreedah
Mohammed Sufyani
Oxygenation indices and echocardiographic markers of pulmonary hypertension and ventricular dysfunction in congenital diaphragmatic hernia
BMJ Paediatrics Open
title Oxygenation indices and echocardiographic markers of pulmonary hypertension and ventricular dysfunction in congenital diaphragmatic hernia
title_full Oxygenation indices and echocardiographic markers of pulmonary hypertension and ventricular dysfunction in congenital diaphragmatic hernia
title_fullStr Oxygenation indices and echocardiographic markers of pulmonary hypertension and ventricular dysfunction in congenital diaphragmatic hernia
title_full_unstemmed Oxygenation indices and echocardiographic markers of pulmonary hypertension and ventricular dysfunction in congenital diaphragmatic hernia
title_short Oxygenation indices and echocardiographic markers of pulmonary hypertension and ventricular dysfunction in congenital diaphragmatic hernia
title_sort oxygenation indices and echocardiographic markers of pulmonary hypertension and ventricular dysfunction in congenital diaphragmatic hernia
url https://bmjpaedsopen.bmj.com/content/9/1/e003637.full
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