Lipid accumulation product and cardiometabolic index as indicators for sarcopenia: A cross-sectional study from NHANES 2011–2018

Abstract Although evidence suggests that lipid accumulation product (LAP) and cardiometabolic index (CMI) may be associated with the pathogenesis of sarcopenia, their relationship remains unclear. This study aims to investigate their association with sarcopenia. This cross-sectional study analyzed d...

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Main Authors: Xuyan Hu, Yisong Yang, Ke Gao, Zijin Zhang, Gege Guan, Gang Zhang, Shen Cao, Bing Yu, Chao Yang, Yubing Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09123-7
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author Xuyan Hu
Yisong Yang
Ke Gao
Zijin Zhang
Gege Guan
Gang Zhang
Shen Cao
Bing Yu
Chao Yang
Yubing Zhang
author_facet Xuyan Hu
Yisong Yang
Ke Gao
Zijin Zhang
Gege Guan
Gang Zhang
Shen Cao
Bing Yu
Chao Yang
Yubing Zhang
author_sort Xuyan Hu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Although evidence suggests that lipid accumulation product (LAP) and cardiometabolic index (CMI) may be associated with the pathogenesis of sarcopenia, their relationship remains unclear. This study aims to investigate their association with sarcopenia. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 4,172 adults aged 20–59 years from the NHANES 2011–2018 cycles. Log-transformed LAP and CMI were the primary exposure variables. Sarcopenia was defined based on the appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by body mass index (ASM/BMI) according to FNIH guidelines (< 0.789 in males, < 0.512 in females). Weighted analyses examined the associations between LAP, CMI, and sarcopenia. Multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and threshold analysis were used to assess associations, nonlinear patterns, and potential cutoff points. Subgroup analyses explored associations in specific populations. The dataset was randomly split into training (70%) and validation (30%) sets. LASSO regression was applied to identify key associated factors, followed by a nomogram for estimating the probability of sarcopenia. Model performance was evaluated in both the training and validation sets. Sensitivity analyses were performed using untransformed LAP and CMI to assess the robustness of the findings. Ln-transformed LAP (Ln LAP) and Ln-transformed CMI (Ln CMI) were significantly associated with sarcopenia. Threshold effect analysis identified inflection points (Ln LAP: 4.64, Ln CMI: -0.14) beyond which associations weakened. Individuals in the top quartiles of Ln LAP and Ln CMI exhibited significantly higher odds of sarcopenia (Ln LAP: OR = 8.78, 95% CI: 4.92–15.67; Ln CMI: OR = 4.44, 95% CI: 2.41–8.21). Subgroup analyses revealed stronger associations among adults aged 20–29 and 50–59 years, individuals with higher education levels, and drinkers. Classification models with Ln LAP and Ln CMI performed robustly (AUC: 0.780, 0.768) with high accuracy. Sensitivity analyses confirmed consistent nonlinear associations and dose–response relationships for untransformed LAP and CMI. LAP and CMI showed a positive association with sarcopenia in U.S. adults aged 20–59 years. The developed models highlight this relationship, offering potential guidance for identifying and managing high-risk populations.
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spelling doaj-art-8dd21d58ddfb4265be7885b8686e2eea2025-08-20T03:45:23ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-09123-7Lipid accumulation product and cardiometabolic index as indicators for sarcopenia: A cross-sectional study from NHANES 2011–2018Xuyan Hu0Yisong Yang1Ke Gao2Zijin Zhang3Gege Guan4Gang Zhang5Shen Cao6Bing Yu7Chao Yang8Yubing Zhang9Department of Spine Surgery, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People’s HospitalDepartment of Spine Surgery, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People’s HospitalDepartment of Spine Surgery, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People’s HospitalSchool of Engineering, Newcastle UniversityDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical CollegeDepartment of Spine Surgery, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People’s HospitalDepartment of Spine Surgery, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People’s HospitalDepartment of Spine Surgery, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People’s HospitalDepartment of Spine Surgery, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People’s HospitalDepartment of Spine Surgery, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People’s HospitalAbstract Although evidence suggests that lipid accumulation product (LAP) and cardiometabolic index (CMI) may be associated with the pathogenesis of sarcopenia, their relationship remains unclear. This study aims to investigate their association with sarcopenia. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 4,172 adults aged 20–59 years from the NHANES 2011–2018 cycles. Log-transformed LAP and CMI were the primary exposure variables. Sarcopenia was defined based on the appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by body mass index (ASM/BMI) according to FNIH guidelines (< 0.789 in males, < 0.512 in females). Weighted analyses examined the associations between LAP, CMI, and sarcopenia. Multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and threshold analysis were used to assess associations, nonlinear patterns, and potential cutoff points. Subgroup analyses explored associations in specific populations. The dataset was randomly split into training (70%) and validation (30%) sets. LASSO regression was applied to identify key associated factors, followed by a nomogram for estimating the probability of sarcopenia. Model performance was evaluated in both the training and validation sets. Sensitivity analyses were performed using untransformed LAP and CMI to assess the robustness of the findings. Ln-transformed LAP (Ln LAP) and Ln-transformed CMI (Ln CMI) were significantly associated with sarcopenia. Threshold effect analysis identified inflection points (Ln LAP: 4.64, Ln CMI: -0.14) beyond which associations weakened. Individuals in the top quartiles of Ln LAP and Ln CMI exhibited significantly higher odds of sarcopenia (Ln LAP: OR = 8.78, 95% CI: 4.92–15.67; Ln CMI: OR = 4.44, 95% CI: 2.41–8.21). Subgroup analyses revealed stronger associations among adults aged 20–29 and 50–59 years, individuals with higher education levels, and drinkers. Classification models with Ln LAP and Ln CMI performed robustly (AUC: 0.780, 0.768) with high accuracy. Sensitivity analyses confirmed consistent nonlinear associations and dose–response relationships for untransformed LAP and CMI. LAP and CMI showed a positive association with sarcopenia in U.S. adults aged 20–59 years. The developed models highlight this relationship, offering potential guidance for identifying and managing high-risk populations.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09123-7Lipid accumulation productCardiometabolic indexSarcopeniaMetabolic syndromeMuscle strengthIntra-abdominal fat
spellingShingle Xuyan Hu
Yisong Yang
Ke Gao
Zijin Zhang
Gege Guan
Gang Zhang
Shen Cao
Bing Yu
Chao Yang
Yubing Zhang
Lipid accumulation product and cardiometabolic index as indicators for sarcopenia: A cross-sectional study from NHANES 2011–2018
Scientific Reports
Lipid accumulation product
Cardiometabolic index
Sarcopenia
Metabolic syndrome
Muscle strength
Intra-abdominal fat
title Lipid accumulation product and cardiometabolic index as indicators for sarcopenia: A cross-sectional study from NHANES 2011–2018
title_full Lipid accumulation product and cardiometabolic index as indicators for sarcopenia: A cross-sectional study from NHANES 2011–2018
title_fullStr Lipid accumulation product and cardiometabolic index as indicators for sarcopenia: A cross-sectional study from NHANES 2011–2018
title_full_unstemmed Lipid accumulation product and cardiometabolic index as indicators for sarcopenia: A cross-sectional study from NHANES 2011–2018
title_short Lipid accumulation product and cardiometabolic index as indicators for sarcopenia: A cross-sectional study from NHANES 2011–2018
title_sort lipid accumulation product and cardiometabolic index as indicators for sarcopenia a cross sectional study from nhanes 2011 2018
topic Lipid accumulation product
Cardiometabolic index
Sarcopenia
Metabolic syndrome
Muscle strength
Intra-abdominal fat
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09123-7
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