Impact of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Patient Outcomes in Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema Within Physician-Led Prehospital Care

Background: CPAP has been shown to be particularly beneficial in the management of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema by reducing both preload and afterload, thus decreasing the work of breathing and improving oxygenation. Methods: This study was a prospective observational study, conducted in the pe...

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Main Authors: Tatjana Jevtić Drkić, Armin Šljivo, Kenan Ljuhar, Amela Ahmić Tuco, Lamija Hukić Fetahović, Emina Karamehić, Amna Palikuća Ljuhar, Jasna Husejinbegović Musić, Šejla Brković Jusufbegović, Edin Jusufbegović, Selma Terzić Salihbašić, Melica Imamović Bošnjak, Riada Blažević, Amina Valjevac
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Medical Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3271/13/1/5
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author Tatjana Jevtić Drkić
Armin Šljivo
Kenan Ljuhar
Amela Ahmić Tuco
Lamija Hukić Fetahović
Emina Karamehić
Amna Palikuća Ljuhar
Jasna Husejinbegović Musić
Šejla Brković Jusufbegović
Edin Jusufbegović
Selma Terzić Salihbašić
Melica Imamović Bošnjak
Riada Blažević
Amina Valjevac
author_facet Tatjana Jevtić Drkić
Armin Šljivo
Kenan Ljuhar
Amela Ahmić Tuco
Lamija Hukić Fetahović
Emina Karamehić
Amna Palikuća Ljuhar
Jasna Husejinbegović Musić
Šejla Brković Jusufbegović
Edin Jusufbegović
Selma Terzić Salihbašić
Melica Imamović Bošnjak
Riada Blažević
Amina Valjevac
author_sort Tatjana Jevtić Drkić
collection DOAJ
description Background: CPAP has been shown to be particularly beneficial in the management of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema by reducing both preload and afterload, thus decreasing the work of breathing and improving oxygenation. Methods: This study was a prospective observational study, conducted in the period from 2022 to 2024, assessing the effectiveness and safety of prehospital CPAP therapy use in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, administered alongside standard care. Results: In this study, 50 patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema were treated by physician-led emergency teams in the Canton of Sarajevo. CPAP significantly improved clinical parameters across all time points. Systolic blood pressure decreased from 151.0 ± 41.0 mmHg at initial contact to 138.4 ± 32.0 mmHg before transportation and further to 130.2 ± 28.5 mmHg upon hospital admission (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Diastolic pressure dropped from 85.6 ± 17.2 mmHg to 81.1 ± 15.2 mmHg before transportation (<i>p</i> = 0.018), with a slight further decrease to 80.2 ± 13.9 mmHg (<i>p</i> = 0.083). Heart rate fell from 114 ± 26.4 bpm to 111.3 ± 24.9 bpm before transportation (<i>p</i> = 0.003) and finally to 99.5 ± 18.2 bpm before hospital admission (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Respiratory rate decreased from 31.0 ± 10.2 to 28.0 ± 10.5 breaths/min (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and further to 22.6 ± 7.3 breaths/min (<i>p</i> < 0.001). End-tidal CO<sub>2</sub> levels increased from 28.0 mmHg (23.5; 33.5) to 30.0 mmHg before transportation (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and to 35.0 mmHg (32.0; 37.5) before hospital admission (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Oxygen saturation improved from 79.0% (72.0; 81.0) to 84.0% before transportation (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and reached 94.0% (91.0; 98.2) before hospital admission (<i>p</i> < 0.001). VAS scores for dyspnea significantly dropped from 8.0 (6.0; 8.2) at initial contact to 6.0 (4.0; 8.0) before transportation (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and further to 4.0 (3.0; 5.0) before hospital admission (<i>p</i> < 0.001), indicating substantial symptom relief. ECG findings remained stable throughout the intervention. Conclusions: Prehospital CPAP therapy significantly improved clinical outcomes in cardiogenic pulmonary edema, including reductions in blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and enhanced oxygenation and symptom relief. These findings support its broader use in emergency care, even during short transport times.
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spelling doaj-art-8dd10cb6d10449ed87b2fd0965875e822025-08-20T02:42:26ZengMDPI AGMedical Sciences2076-32712025-01-01131510.3390/medsci13010005Impact of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Patient Outcomes in Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema Within Physician-Led Prehospital CareTatjana Jevtić Drkić0Armin Šljivo1Kenan Ljuhar2Amela Ahmić Tuco3Lamija Hukić Fetahović4Emina Karamehić5Amna Palikuća Ljuhar6Jasna Husejinbegović Musić7Šejla Brković Jusufbegović8Edin Jusufbegović9Selma Terzić Salihbašić10Melica Imamović Bošnjak11Riada Blažević12Amina Valjevac13Institute for Emergency Medical Assistance of Canton Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaInstitute for Emergency Medical Assistance of Canton Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaInstitute for Emergency Medical Assistance of Canton Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaClinical Center of University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaClinical Center of University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaPublic Institution Department for Healthcare of Women and Maternity of Sarajevo Canton, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaInstitute for Emergency Medical Assistance of Canton Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaInstitute for Emergency Medical Assistance of Canton Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaInstitute for Emergency Medical Assistance of Canton Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaInstitute for Emergency Medical Assistance of Canton Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaInstitute for Emergency Medical Assistance of Canton Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaCantonal Hospital Zenica, 72000 Zenica, Bosnia and HerzegovinaInstitute for Emergency Medical Assistance of Canton Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaFaculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaBackground: CPAP has been shown to be particularly beneficial in the management of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema by reducing both preload and afterload, thus decreasing the work of breathing and improving oxygenation. Methods: This study was a prospective observational study, conducted in the period from 2022 to 2024, assessing the effectiveness and safety of prehospital CPAP therapy use in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, administered alongside standard care. Results: In this study, 50 patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema were treated by physician-led emergency teams in the Canton of Sarajevo. CPAP significantly improved clinical parameters across all time points. Systolic blood pressure decreased from 151.0 ± 41.0 mmHg at initial contact to 138.4 ± 32.0 mmHg before transportation and further to 130.2 ± 28.5 mmHg upon hospital admission (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Diastolic pressure dropped from 85.6 ± 17.2 mmHg to 81.1 ± 15.2 mmHg before transportation (<i>p</i> = 0.018), with a slight further decrease to 80.2 ± 13.9 mmHg (<i>p</i> = 0.083). Heart rate fell from 114 ± 26.4 bpm to 111.3 ± 24.9 bpm before transportation (<i>p</i> = 0.003) and finally to 99.5 ± 18.2 bpm before hospital admission (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Respiratory rate decreased from 31.0 ± 10.2 to 28.0 ± 10.5 breaths/min (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and further to 22.6 ± 7.3 breaths/min (<i>p</i> < 0.001). End-tidal CO<sub>2</sub> levels increased from 28.0 mmHg (23.5; 33.5) to 30.0 mmHg before transportation (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and to 35.0 mmHg (32.0; 37.5) before hospital admission (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Oxygen saturation improved from 79.0% (72.0; 81.0) to 84.0% before transportation (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and reached 94.0% (91.0; 98.2) before hospital admission (<i>p</i> < 0.001). VAS scores for dyspnea significantly dropped from 8.0 (6.0; 8.2) at initial contact to 6.0 (4.0; 8.0) before transportation (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and further to 4.0 (3.0; 5.0) before hospital admission (<i>p</i> < 0.001), indicating substantial symptom relief. ECG findings remained stable throughout the intervention. Conclusions: Prehospital CPAP therapy significantly improved clinical outcomes in cardiogenic pulmonary edema, including reductions in blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and enhanced oxygenation and symptom relief. These findings support its broader use in emergency care, even during short transport times.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3271/13/1/5CPAPcardiogenic pulmonary edemaprehospital careemergency medicineclinical outcomes
spellingShingle Tatjana Jevtić Drkić
Armin Šljivo
Kenan Ljuhar
Amela Ahmić Tuco
Lamija Hukić Fetahović
Emina Karamehić
Amna Palikuća Ljuhar
Jasna Husejinbegović Musić
Šejla Brković Jusufbegović
Edin Jusufbegović
Selma Terzić Salihbašić
Melica Imamović Bošnjak
Riada Blažević
Amina Valjevac
Impact of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Patient Outcomes in Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema Within Physician-Led Prehospital Care
Medical Sciences
CPAP
cardiogenic pulmonary edema
prehospital care
emergency medicine
clinical outcomes
title Impact of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Patient Outcomes in Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema Within Physician-Led Prehospital Care
title_full Impact of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Patient Outcomes in Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema Within Physician-Led Prehospital Care
title_fullStr Impact of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Patient Outcomes in Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema Within Physician-Led Prehospital Care
title_full_unstemmed Impact of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Patient Outcomes in Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema Within Physician-Led Prehospital Care
title_short Impact of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Patient Outcomes in Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema Within Physician-Led Prehospital Care
title_sort impact of continuous positive airway pressure on patient outcomes in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema within physician led prehospital care
topic CPAP
cardiogenic pulmonary edema
prehospital care
emergency medicine
clinical outcomes
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3271/13/1/5
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