Aging and post-polymerization effects on conversion degree and properties of additive splint materials

Abstract The study objective was to analyze dimensional change, flexural strength, surface hardness, wear profile, and conversion degree of different additive splint materials under various post-polymerization conditions of time and artificial aging. Two additive manufacturing systems (Cara Print 4....

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Main Authors: Leandro Ruivo de SANTIS, Lucas Silveira FERNANDES, Mayra Torres VASQUES, Nataly Rabelo Mina ZAMBRANA, Ítallo Emídio Lira VIANA, Taís Scaramucci FORLIN, Guilherme de Siqueira Ferreira Anzaloni SAAVEDRA, Carlos Eduardo FRANCCI
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa Odontológica 2025-02-01
Series:Brazilian Oral Research
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Online Access:http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1806-83242025000100451&lng=en&tlng=en
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author Leandro Ruivo de SANTIS
Lucas Silveira FERNANDES
Mayra Torres VASQUES
Nataly Rabelo Mina ZAMBRANA
Ítallo Emídio Lira VIANA
Taís Scaramucci FORLIN
Guilherme de Siqueira Ferreira Anzaloni SAAVEDRA
Carlos Eduardo FRANCCI
author_facet Leandro Ruivo de SANTIS
Lucas Silveira FERNANDES
Mayra Torres VASQUES
Nataly Rabelo Mina ZAMBRANA
Ítallo Emídio Lira VIANA
Taís Scaramucci FORLIN
Guilherme de Siqueira Ferreira Anzaloni SAAVEDRA
Carlos Eduardo FRANCCI
author_sort Leandro Ruivo de SANTIS
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The study objective was to analyze dimensional change, flexural strength, surface hardness, wear profile, and conversion degree of different additive splint materials under various post-polymerization conditions of time and artificial aging. Two additive manufacturing systems (Cara Print 4.0, Dima Print Ortho, Kulzer; SprintRay Pro, SprintRay Splint, SprintRay), and a thermally activated resin control (Clássico) were evaluated in artificial aging (deionized water or saliva; 28 or 84 days at 37°C), with recommended or doubled post-polymerization cycles. Dimensional change (surface metrology), flexural strength (ISO 20795-1:2013), fractography (SEM), Knoop hardness, two-body wear profilometry (150,000 cycles; 3mmØ; 20N; 2.1Hz), and conversion degree (FTIR spectroscopy) were assessed. Two-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests were used for parametric data, and Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Dunn tests, for non-parametric data (α = 0.05). Results indicated no statistically significant differences in dimensional change or flexural strength among the materials. Recommended post-polymerization cycles resulted in lower hardness for additive resins than the thermally activated control. Doubling post-polymerization time significantly increased flexural strength and hardness of Dima Print Ortho, but decreased flexural strength of SprintRay Splint, and did not affect wear resistance. Dima Print Ortho demonstrated the highest wear resistance. Artificial aging did not affect flexural strength, surface wear, or dimensional change, but negatively impacted the hardness of all materials except Dima Print Ortho. The conversion degree was unaffected by post-polymerization time, and no significant differences were found among the materials. Overall, additive materials exhibited mechanical and dimensional properties comparable to thermally activated resin, with doubling post-polymerization time positively influencing the properties.
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spelling doaj-art-8dcf288380324b6983bebb1c3e9d4dcf2025-08-20T02:24:34ZengSociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa OdontológicaBrazilian Oral Research1807-31072025-02-013910.1590/1807-3107bor-2025.vol39.017Aging and post-polymerization effects on conversion degree and properties of additive splint materialsLeandro Ruivo de SANTIShttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2013-6517Lucas Silveira FERNANDEShttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-414XMayra Torres VASQUEShttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3952-8729Nataly Rabelo Mina ZAMBRANAhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-9810Ítallo Emídio Lira VIANAhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7252-6616Taís Scaramucci FORLINhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4445-6697Guilherme de Siqueira Ferreira Anzaloni SAAVEDRAhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7108-0544Carlos Eduardo FRANCCIhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3638-5005Abstract The study objective was to analyze dimensional change, flexural strength, surface hardness, wear profile, and conversion degree of different additive splint materials under various post-polymerization conditions of time and artificial aging. Two additive manufacturing systems (Cara Print 4.0, Dima Print Ortho, Kulzer; SprintRay Pro, SprintRay Splint, SprintRay), and a thermally activated resin control (Clássico) were evaluated in artificial aging (deionized water or saliva; 28 or 84 days at 37°C), with recommended or doubled post-polymerization cycles. Dimensional change (surface metrology), flexural strength (ISO 20795-1:2013), fractography (SEM), Knoop hardness, two-body wear profilometry (150,000 cycles; 3mmØ; 20N; 2.1Hz), and conversion degree (FTIR spectroscopy) were assessed. Two-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests were used for parametric data, and Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Dunn tests, for non-parametric data (α = 0.05). Results indicated no statistically significant differences in dimensional change or flexural strength among the materials. Recommended post-polymerization cycles resulted in lower hardness for additive resins than the thermally activated control. Doubling post-polymerization time significantly increased flexural strength and hardness of Dima Print Ortho, but decreased flexural strength of SprintRay Splint, and did not affect wear resistance. Dima Print Ortho demonstrated the highest wear resistance. Artificial aging did not affect flexural strength, surface wear, or dimensional change, but negatively impacted the hardness of all materials except Dima Print Ortho. The conversion degree was unaffected by post-polymerization time, and no significant differences were found among the materials. Overall, additive materials exhibited mechanical and dimensional properties comparable to thermally activated resin, with doubling post-polymerization time positively influencing the properties.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1806-83242025000100451&lng=en&tlng=enOcclusal SplintsPrinting, Three-DimensionalPolymerization
spellingShingle Leandro Ruivo de SANTIS
Lucas Silveira FERNANDES
Mayra Torres VASQUES
Nataly Rabelo Mina ZAMBRANA
Ítallo Emídio Lira VIANA
Taís Scaramucci FORLIN
Guilherme de Siqueira Ferreira Anzaloni SAAVEDRA
Carlos Eduardo FRANCCI
Aging and post-polymerization effects on conversion degree and properties of additive splint materials
Brazilian Oral Research
Occlusal Splints
Printing, Three-Dimensional
Polymerization
title Aging and post-polymerization effects on conversion degree and properties of additive splint materials
title_full Aging and post-polymerization effects on conversion degree and properties of additive splint materials
title_fullStr Aging and post-polymerization effects on conversion degree and properties of additive splint materials
title_full_unstemmed Aging and post-polymerization effects on conversion degree and properties of additive splint materials
title_short Aging and post-polymerization effects on conversion degree and properties of additive splint materials
title_sort aging and post polymerization effects on conversion degree and properties of additive splint materials
topic Occlusal Splints
Printing, Three-Dimensional
Polymerization
url http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1806-83242025000100451&lng=en&tlng=en
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