Novel multiplex PCR approach for the detection of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Streptococcus suis, and Staphylococcus hyicus in swine

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Streptococcus suis, and Staphylococcus hyicus are neglected, emerging and zoonotic pathogens in pigs that share common clinical signs and lesions, particularly septicaemia and skin lesions, highlighting the need for differential diagnosis. Currently, no single diagnosti...

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Main Authors: A. Arun Prince Milton, Sabia Khan, Kandhan Srinivas, Torik Basar, Zakir Hussain, G. Bhuvana Priya, M. Saminathan, L. H. Puii, Sandeep Ghatak, Samir Das
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1605316/full
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author A. Arun Prince Milton
Sabia Khan
Kandhan Srinivas
Torik Basar
Zakir Hussain
G. Bhuvana Priya
M. Saminathan
L. H. Puii
Sandeep Ghatak
Samir Das
author_facet A. Arun Prince Milton
Sabia Khan
Kandhan Srinivas
Torik Basar
Zakir Hussain
G. Bhuvana Priya
M. Saminathan
L. H. Puii
Sandeep Ghatak
Samir Das
author_sort A. Arun Prince Milton
collection DOAJ
description Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Streptococcus suis, and Staphylococcus hyicus are neglected, emerging and zoonotic pathogens in pigs that share common clinical signs and lesions, particularly septicaemia and skin lesions, highlighting the need for differential diagnosis. Currently, no single diagnostic assay is available to test samples for confirmation of the presence of all three pathogens. To address this, a novel multiplex PCR-based detection assay was optimized and evaluated for the simultaneous detection of E. rhusiopathiae, S. suis, and S. hyicus targeting the, 23S rRNA, recN, and sodA genes, respectively. The optimized multiplex PCR demonstrated 100% analytical specificity, with a detection limit of 104 copies/μL for E. rhusiopathiae and S. hyicus, and 106 copies/μL for S. suis. The assay was further validated by comparison with previously established uniplex PCR assays and tested on field-collected pig blood samples to assess real-world applicability. The developed assay is rapid, specific and cost-effective and can serve as a handy diagnostic tool for testing suspect samples for these neglected bacterial pathogens of pigs.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2297-1769
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Veterinary Science
spelling doaj-art-8dcd7c899c3349848d015bd401a06b662025-08-20T03:30:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-06-011210.3389/fvets.2025.16053161605316Novel multiplex PCR approach for the detection of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Streptococcus suis, and Staphylococcus hyicus in swineA. Arun Prince Milton0Sabia Khan1Kandhan Srinivas2Torik Basar3Zakir Hussain4G. Bhuvana Priya5M. Saminathan6L. H. Puii7Sandeep Ghatak8Samir Das9Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, IndiaDivision of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, IndiaDivision of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, IndiaDivision of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, IndiaDivision of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, IndiaCollege of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Kyrdemkulai, IndiaICAR Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, IndiaDivision of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, IndiaDivision of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, IndiaDivision of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, IndiaErysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Streptococcus suis, and Staphylococcus hyicus are neglected, emerging and zoonotic pathogens in pigs that share common clinical signs and lesions, particularly septicaemia and skin lesions, highlighting the need for differential diagnosis. Currently, no single diagnostic assay is available to test samples for confirmation of the presence of all three pathogens. To address this, a novel multiplex PCR-based detection assay was optimized and evaluated for the simultaneous detection of E. rhusiopathiae, S. suis, and S. hyicus targeting the, 23S rRNA, recN, and sodA genes, respectively. The optimized multiplex PCR demonstrated 100% analytical specificity, with a detection limit of 104 copies/μL for E. rhusiopathiae and S. hyicus, and 106 copies/μL for S. suis. The assay was further validated by comparison with previously established uniplex PCR assays and tested on field-collected pig blood samples to assess real-world applicability. The developed assay is rapid, specific and cost-effective and can serve as a handy diagnostic tool for testing suspect samples for these neglected bacterial pathogens of pigs.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1605316/fullmultiplex PCRErysipelothrix rhusiopathiaeStreptococcus suisStaphylococcus hyicuspigs
spellingShingle A. Arun Prince Milton
Sabia Khan
Kandhan Srinivas
Torik Basar
Zakir Hussain
G. Bhuvana Priya
M. Saminathan
L. H. Puii
Sandeep Ghatak
Samir Das
Novel multiplex PCR approach for the detection of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Streptococcus suis, and Staphylococcus hyicus in swine
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
multiplex PCR
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Streptococcus suis
Staphylococcus hyicus
pigs
title Novel multiplex PCR approach for the detection of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Streptococcus suis, and Staphylococcus hyicus in swine
title_full Novel multiplex PCR approach for the detection of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Streptococcus suis, and Staphylococcus hyicus in swine
title_fullStr Novel multiplex PCR approach for the detection of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Streptococcus suis, and Staphylococcus hyicus in swine
title_full_unstemmed Novel multiplex PCR approach for the detection of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Streptococcus suis, and Staphylococcus hyicus in swine
title_short Novel multiplex PCR approach for the detection of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Streptococcus suis, and Staphylococcus hyicus in swine
title_sort novel multiplex pcr approach for the detection of erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae streptococcus suis and staphylococcus hyicus in swine
topic multiplex PCR
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Streptococcus suis
Staphylococcus hyicus
pigs
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1605316/full
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