An Innovative Study for Tool Wear Prediction Based on Stacked Sparse Autoencoder and Ensemble Learning Strategy

Accurately predicting tool wear in real time is crucial to enhance the tool prognostics and health monitoring system in computerized numerical control (CNC) machining. This paper proposed a novel integrated deep learning model for predicting the wear of milling tools by fusing multi-sensor features....

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Main Authors: Zhaopeng He, Tielin Shi, Xu Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/8/2391
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author Zhaopeng He
Tielin Shi
Xu Chen
author_facet Zhaopeng He
Tielin Shi
Xu Chen
author_sort Zhaopeng He
collection DOAJ
description Accurately predicting tool wear in real time is crucial to enhance the tool prognostics and health monitoring system in computerized numerical control (CNC) machining. This paper proposed a novel integrated deep learning model for predicting the wear of milling tools by fusing multi-sensor features. The raw signals of vibration and cutting force acquired from the continuous cutting cycle were used to extract multi-sensor features throughout the full lifecycle of the milling tools in time, frequency, and wavelet domains, respectively. The sensitive features from these signals were identified through correlation analysis and used as input for the stacked sparse autoencoder (SSAE) model with backpropagation neural network (BPNN) as the regression layer to predict tool wear. SSAE models with different activation function configurations of hidden layers were utilized to construct deep neural network models with different prediction performance, which were taken as primary learners of integrated deep learning model. The intergrated SSAE model based on the stacking learning strategy applied the gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) regression model with Bayes optimized hyperparameters as the secondary learner to predict tool wear. Compared to the single SSAE model and shallow machine learning models, the proposed method significantly improved both the prediction accuracy and reliability.
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spelling doaj-art-8dc1b1d07dd348eb8e2b72d2cf1db6c72025-08-20T02:18:15ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-04-01258239110.3390/s25082391An Innovative Study for Tool Wear Prediction Based on Stacked Sparse Autoencoder and Ensemble Learning StrategyZhaopeng He0Tielin Shi1Xu Chen2School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, ChinaSchool of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, ChinaAccurately predicting tool wear in real time is crucial to enhance the tool prognostics and health monitoring system in computerized numerical control (CNC) machining. This paper proposed a novel integrated deep learning model for predicting the wear of milling tools by fusing multi-sensor features. The raw signals of vibration and cutting force acquired from the continuous cutting cycle were used to extract multi-sensor features throughout the full lifecycle of the milling tools in time, frequency, and wavelet domains, respectively. The sensitive features from these signals were identified through correlation analysis and used as input for the stacked sparse autoencoder (SSAE) model with backpropagation neural network (BPNN) as the regression layer to predict tool wear. SSAE models with different activation function configurations of hidden layers were utilized to construct deep neural network models with different prediction performance, which were taken as primary learners of integrated deep learning model. The intergrated SSAE model based on the stacking learning strategy applied the gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) regression model with Bayes optimized hyperparameters as the secondary learner to predict tool wear. Compared to the single SSAE model and shallow machine learning models, the proposed method significantly improved both the prediction accuracy and reliability.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/8/2391tool wear predictionensemble learningdeep learningautoencodermulti-sensor fusionmilling
spellingShingle Zhaopeng He
Tielin Shi
Xu Chen
An Innovative Study for Tool Wear Prediction Based on Stacked Sparse Autoencoder and Ensemble Learning Strategy
Sensors
tool wear prediction
ensemble learning
deep learning
autoencoder
multi-sensor fusion
milling
title An Innovative Study for Tool Wear Prediction Based on Stacked Sparse Autoencoder and Ensemble Learning Strategy
title_full An Innovative Study for Tool Wear Prediction Based on Stacked Sparse Autoencoder and Ensemble Learning Strategy
title_fullStr An Innovative Study for Tool Wear Prediction Based on Stacked Sparse Autoencoder and Ensemble Learning Strategy
title_full_unstemmed An Innovative Study for Tool Wear Prediction Based on Stacked Sparse Autoencoder and Ensemble Learning Strategy
title_short An Innovative Study for Tool Wear Prediction Based on Stacked Sparse Autoencoder and Ensemble Learning Strategy
title_sort innovative study for tool wear prediction based on stacked sparse autoencoder and ensemble learning strategy
topic tool wear prediction
ensemble learning
deep learning
autoencoder
multi-sensor fusion
milling
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/8/2391
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