Comparing Blood Sampling Techniques in Canines: A Pilot Study Using Oclacitinib
Pharmacokinetic studies are critical to assess drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in companion animals. Blood collection methods such as direct venepuncture or indwelling catheters could influence pharmacokinetic outcomes and animal welfare. A direct comparison of drug concentr...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/6/543 |
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| author | Emily Ryman Merilyn Dobbs Leslie Gabor Abishek Santhakumar Brian Cassar Nidhish Francis |
| author_facet | Emily Ryman Merilyn Dobbs Leslie Gabor Abishek Santhakumar Brian Cassar Nidhish Francis |
| author_sort | Emily Ryman |
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| description | Pharmacokinetic studies are critical to assess drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in companion animals. Blood collection methods such as direct venepuncture or indwelling catheters could influence pharmacokinetic outcomes and animal welfare. A direct comparison of drug concentrations of two blood sampling methods was investigated in this study to identify any potential differences and their impact on animal welfare. Four canines (male = 3, female = 1) were treated with Apoquel<sup>®</sup> (oclacitinib 0.4–0.6 mg/kg) and blood samples were obtained via direct venepuncture into the jugular and a cephalically placed catheter. The drug distribution and cortisol concentration were examined over several time points (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h post treatment). Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05) in the concentration of the drug between the two collection methods, indicating that both methods are acceptable in generating reliable results for pharmacokinetic data. Nevertheless, cortisol levels indicated a trend suggesting catheter collection may be associated with reduced stress compared to direct venepuncture (Catheter = 201 ± 91; Direct venepuncture = 208 ± 96. This study provides evidence to use a less invasive blood collection such as via a catheter during intensive bleeding schedules that are required in early drug development, thereby improving the overall welfare for the animal. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8dc1605e8f2749f3acc745e7dfb8d955 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2306-7381 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-8dc1605e8f2749f3acc745e7dfb8d9552025-08-20T03:26:53ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812025-06-0112654310.3390/vetsci12060543Comparing Blood Sampling Techniques in Canines: A Pilot Study Using OclacitinibEmily Ryman0Merilyn Dobbs1Leslie Gabor2Abishek Santhakumar3Brian Cassar4Nidhish Francis5Elanco Animal Health, 245 Western Road, Kemps Creek, NSW 2718, AustraliaElanco Animal Health, 245 Western Road, Kemps Creek, NSW 2718, AustraliaElanco Animal Health, 245 Western Road, Kemps Creek, NSW 2718, AustraliaSchool of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, AustraliaElanco Animal Health, 245 Western Road, Kemps Creek, NSW 2718, AustraliaSchool of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, AustraliaPharmacokinetic studies are critical to assess drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in companion animals. Blood collection methods such as direct venepuncture or indwelling catheters could influence pharmacokinetic outcomes and animal welfare. A direct comparison of drug concentrations of two blood sampling methods was investigated in this study to identify any potential differences and their impact on animal welfare. Four canines (male = 3, female = 1) were treated with Apoquel<sup>®</sup> (oclacitinib 0.4–0.6 mg/kg) and blood samples were obtained via direct venepuncture into the jugular and a cephalically placed catheter. The drug distribution and cortisol concentration were examined over several time points (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h post treatment). Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05) in the concentration of the drug between the two collection methods, indicating that both methods are acceptable in generating reliable results for pharmacokinetic data. Nevertheless, cortisol levels indicated a trend suggesting catheter collection may be associated with reduced stress compared to direct venepuncture (Catheter = 201 ± 91; Direct venepuncture = 208 ± 96. This study provides evidence to use a less invasive blood collection such as via a catheter during intensive bleeding schedules that are required in early drug development, thereby improving the overall welfare for the animal.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/6/543canine blood collectionvenepuncturecanine cathetercortisolpharmacokinetics |
| spellingShingle | Emily Ryman Merilyn Dobbs Leslie Gabor Abishek Santhakumar Brian Cassar Nidhish Francis Comparing Blood Sampling Techniques in Canines: A Pilot Study Using Oclacitinib Veterinary Sciences canine blood collection venepuncture canine catheter cortisol pharmacokinetics |
| title | Comparing Blood Sampling Techniques in Canines: A Pilot Study Using Oclacitinib |
| title_full | Comparing Blood Sampling Techniques in Canines: A Pilot Study Using Oclacitinib |
| title_fullStr | Comparing Blood Sampling Techniques in Canines: A Pilot Study Using Oclacitinib |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparing Blood Sampling Techniques in Canines: A Pilot Study Using Oclacitinib |
| title_short | Comparing Blood Sampling Techniques in Canines: A Pilot Study Using Oclacitinib |
| title_sort | comparing blood sampling techniques in canines a pilot study using oclacitinib |
| topic | canine blood collection venepuncture canine catheter cortisol pharmacokinetics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/6/543 |
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